Summary EPD Report
Summary EPD Report
- Administrative information
- Company Description
- Study Goal
- Description of product and scope
- Ready Mix Concrete design summary
- Ready Mix Concrete design composition
- A1 raw material recycled content and material losses
- System boundaries
- Environmental Indicators and Inventory Metrics
- Total impact summary
- Impact breakdown plots by modules A1 to A3
- environmental impact: acidification
- environmental impact: eutrophication
- environmental impact: global warming
- environmental impact: ozone depletion
- environmental impact: photochemical oxidation
- Abiotic Depletion-elements
- Abiotic Depletion-fossil fuels
- land filling: bulk waste
- land filling: hazardous waste
- Total primary energy
- Renewable energy
- Non-renewable energy
- water depletion: WDP
- Non-Renewable Resources
- Renewable Resources
- Additional Environmental Information
- References
Environmental Product Declaration for various ready mix concrete designs produced by Lafarge Canada Inc at their Maple Ridge facility in Britsh Columbia, Canada
Administrative information
International Certified Environmental Product Declaration
Company Description
Lafarge aims to be the undisputed leader in building materials. Lafarge’s core values of respect, care, and excellence have accompanied our success for more than 170 years.
Study Goal
The intended application of this life cycle assessment (LCA) is to comply with the procedures for creating a Type III environmental product declaration (EPD) and publish the EPD for public review on the website, https://p3optima.com/ . This level of study is in accordance with EPD Product Category Rule (PCR) for ready mix concrete published by NSF International (2019) and is a sub-PCR of International Standards Organization (ISO) 21930:2017 Sustainability in buildings and civil works - Core rules for EPDs of construction products and services; International Standards Organization (ISO) 14025:2006 Environmental labels and declarations, Type III environmental declarations-Principles and procedures; ISO 14044:2006 Environmental management, Life cycle assessment- Requirements and guidelines; and ISO 14040:2006 Environmental management, Life cycle assessment-Principles and framework. The performance of this study and its subsequent publishing is in alignment with the business to business (B2B) communication requirements for the environmental assessment of building products. The study does not intend to support comparative assertions and is intended to be disclosed to the public.
This project report was commissioned to differentiate Lafarge Canada Inc from their competition, thus generating an advantage for the organization; offer customers information to help them make informed product decisions; improve the environmental performance of Lafarge Canada Inc by continuously measuring, controlling and reducing the environmental impacts of their products; help project facilitators working on Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) projects achieve their credit goal; and to strengthen Lafarge Canada Inc’s license to operate in the community. Lafarge Canada Inc is committed to sustainable initiatives that measure and reduce their effect on the environment. The intended audience for this LCA report is Lafarge Canada Inc’s employees, their suppliers, project specifiers of their products, architects, and engineers. The EPD report is also available for policy makers, government officials interested in sustainability, academic professors, and LCA professionals. This LCA report does not include product comparisons from other facilities.
Description of product and scope
Products covered by this EPD satisfy ready mix concrete as used in residential, commercial and public works applications in Canada. This EPD reports the impacts for different ready mix concrete products in accordance with the following standards depending on the final product and region:
Table 1: Ready Mix Concrete materials and their associated standards/specificationsPortland Cement | ASTM C150, AASHTO M 85 or CSA A3001 |
Blended Hydraulic Cement | ASTM C595, AASHTO M 240 or CSA A3001 |
Portland-limestone Cement | ASTM C595, AASHTO M 240 or CSA A3001 |
Performance-based Hydraulic Cement | ASTM C1157 |
Fine Aggregate - natural sand | ASTM C33/C33M, CSA A23.1 |
Fine Aggregate - manufactured | ASTM C33/C33M, CSA A23.1 |
Coarse Aggregate - natural gravel | ASTM C33/C33M, CSA A23.1 |
Coarse Aggregate - crushed | ASTM C33/C33M, CSA A23.1 |
Lightweight Aggregates | ASTM C330/C330M |
Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) - Fly Ash | ASTM C618, AASHTO M 295, AASHTO M 302, CSA A3000 |
SCMs - Silica Fume | ASTM C1240, CSA A3000 |
SCMs - Blast Furnace Slag Cement | ASTM C989/C989M, AASHTO M 302, CSA A3000 |
SCMs - Natural Pozzolan | ASTM C618, CSA A3000 |
Chemical Admixture - Accelerators | ASTM C494/C494M Type C/E |
Chemical Admixture - Air Entraining Agent | ASTM C260/C260M |
Chemical Admixture - Hardening Accelerators | ASTM C494/C494M Type C |
Chemical Admixture - Plasticizer & suerplasticizers | ASTM C494/C494M Type F/G, ASTM C1017/C1017M |
Chemical Admixture - Retarders | ASTM C494/C494M Type B/D |
Chemical Admixture - Water reducing/resisting | ASTM C494/C494M Type A/B/D/E |
Chemcial Admixture - Coloring | ASTM C979/C979M |
Chemical Admixture - Corrosion Inhibitors | ASTM C494 Type C/E, ASTM C1582/C1582M |
Fibers | ASTM C1116 |
Pigments | ASTM C979/C979M |
Batch Water | ASTM C1602 |
This LCA assumes the impacts from products manufactured in accordance with the standards outlined in this report. This LCA is a “cradle-to-gate” study, and therefore, stages extending beyond the plant gate are not included in this LCA. Excluded stages include transportation of the manufactured material to the construction site; on-site construction processes and components; building (infrastructure) use and maintenance; and “end-of-life” effects.
Ready Mix Concrete design summary
The following tables provide a list of the ready mix concrete designs considered in this EPD along with key performance parameters.
Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa
Table 2: Declared products with Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa considered in this environmental product declarationMix# | Unique name/ID | Short description | Product type | 28 day strength, MPa | 56 day strength, MPa | 90 day strength, MPa | Target slump, mm | Air entrained, yes/no | H2O:cement ratio | Exposure class | Slump min, mm | Slump max, mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Mix1-20803 | GU 15MPa | Normal strength concrete | 15.00 | 17.00 | 19.00 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F1 | 4 | 6 |
2 | Mix2-61087 | GU 15.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 15.12 | 17.12 | 19.12 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F1 | 4 | 6 |
3 | Mix3-16421 | GU 15.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 15.24 | 17.24 | 19.24 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F1 | 4 | 6 |
4 | Mix4-90223 | GU 15.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 15.36 | 17.36 | 19.36 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F1 | 4 | 6 |
5 | Mix5-36442 | GU 15.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 15.48 | 17.48 | 19.48 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F1 | 4 | 6 |
6 | Mix6-68431 | GU 15.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 15.60 | 17.60 | 19.60 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F1 | 4 | 6 |
7 | Mix7-70774 | GU 15.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 15.72 | 17.72 | 19.72 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F1 | 4 | 6 |
8 | Mix8-74415 | GU 15.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 15.84 | 17.84 | 19.84 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F1 | 4 | 6 |
9 | Mix9-52784 | GU 16MPa | Normal strength concrete | 15.96 | 17.96 | 19.96 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F1 | 4 | 6 |
10 | Mix10-50569 | GU 16.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 16.08 | 18.08 | 20.08 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F1 | 4 | 6 |
11 | Mix11-92626 | GU 16.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 16.20 | 18.20 | 20.20 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F1 | 4 | 6 |
12 | Mix12-83798 | GU 16.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 16.32 | 18.32 | 20.32 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F1 | 4 | 6 |
13 | Mix13-71102 | GU 16.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 16.44 | 18.44 | 20.44 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F1 | 4 | 6 |
14 | Mix14-52740 | GU 16.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 16.56 | 18.56 | 20.56 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F1 | 4 | 6 |
15 | Mix15-51437 | GU 16.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 16.68 | 18.68 | 20.68 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F1 | 4 | 6 |
16 | Mix16-72245 | GU 16.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 16.80 | 18.80 | 20.80 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F1 | 4 | 6 |
17 | Mix17-88561 | GU 16.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 16.92 | 18.92 | 20.92 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F1 | 4 | 6 |
18 | Mix18-20466 | GU 17MPa | Normal strength concrete | 17.04 | 19.04 | 21.04 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F2 | 4 | 6 |
19 | Mix19-10856 | GU 17.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 17.16 | 19.16 | 21.16 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F3 | 4 | 6 |
20 | Mix20-33035 | GU 17.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 17.28 | 19.28 | 21.28 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F4 | 4 | 6 |
21 | Mix21-98409 | GU 17.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 17.40 | 19.40 | 21.40 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F5 | 4 | 6 |
22 | Mix22-32509 | GU 17.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 17.52 | 19.52 | 21.52 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F6 | 4 | 6 |
23 | Mix23-64468 | GU 17.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 17.64 | 19.64 | 21.64 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F7 | 4 | 6 |
24 | Mix24-74518 | GU 17.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 17.76 | 19.76 | 21.76 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F8 | 4 | 6 |
25 | Mix25-73775 | GU 17.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 17.88 | 19.88 | 21.88 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F9 | 4 | 6 |
26 | Mix26-17494 | GU 18MPa | Normal strength concrete | 18.00 | 20.00 | 22.00 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F10 | 4 | 6 |
27 | Mix27-87910 | GU 18.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 18.12 | 20.12 | 22.12 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F11 | 4 | 6 |
28 | Mix28-43369 | GU 18.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 18.24 | 20.24 | 22.24 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F12 | 4 | 6 |
29 | Mix29-74921 | GU 18.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 18.36 | 20.36 | 22.36 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F13 | 4 | 6 |
30 | Mix30-67663 | GU 18.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 18.48 | 20.48 | 22.48 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F14 | 4 | 6 |
31 | Mix31-58656 | GU 18.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 18.60 | 20.60 | 22.60 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F15 | 4 | 6 |
32 | Mix32-39530 | GU 18.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 18.72 | 20.72 | 22.72 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F16 | 4 | 6 |
33 | Mix33-93953 | GU 18.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 18.84 | 20.84 | 22.84 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F17 | 4 | 6 |
34 | Mix34-33970 | GU 19MPa | Normal strength concrete | 18.96 | 20.96 | 22.96 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F18 | 4 | 6 |
35 | Mix35-22777 | GU 19.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 19.08 | 21.08 | 23.08 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F19 | 4 | 6 |
36 | Mix36-97911 | GU 19.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 19.20 | 21.20 | 23.20 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F20 | 4 | 6 |
37 | Mix37-55474 | GU 19.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 19.32 | 21.32 | 23.32 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F21 | 4 | 6 |
38 | Mix38-60372 | GU 19.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 19.44 | 21.44 | 23.44 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F22 | 4 | 6 |
39 | Mix39-21382 | GU 19.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 19.56 | 21.56 | 23.56 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F23 | 4 | 6 |
40 | Mix40-50670 | GU 19.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 19.68 | 21.68 | 23.68 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F24 | 4 | 6 |
41 | Mix41-96417 | GU 19.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 19.80 | 21.80 | 23.80 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F25 | 4 | 6 |
42 | Mix42-31573 | GU 19.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 19.92 | 21.92 | 23.92 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F26 | 4 | 6 |
Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa
Table 3: Declared products with Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa considered in this environmental product declarationMix# | Unique name/ID | Short description | Product type | 28 day strength, MPa | 56 day strength, MPa | 90 day strength, MPa | Target slump, mm | Air entrained, yes/no | H2O:cement ratio | Exposure class | Slump min, mm | Slump max, mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
43 | Mix43-18107 | GU 20MPa | Normal strength concrete | 20.04 | 22.04 | 24.04 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F27 | 4 | 6 |
44 | Mix44-40462 | GU 20.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 20.16 | 22.16 | 24.16 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F28 | 4 | 6 |
45 | Mix45-33394 | GU 20.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 20.28 | 22.28 | 24.28 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F29 | 4 | 6 |
46 | Mix46-57700 | GU 20.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 20.40 | 22.40 | 24.40 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F30 | 4 | 6 |
47 | Mix47-73042 | GU 20.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 20.52 | 22.52 | 24.52 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F31 | 4 | 6 |
48 | Mix48-39438 | GU 20.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 20.64 | 22.64 | 24.64 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F32 | 4 | 6 |
49 | Mix49-11306 | GU 20.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 20.76 | 22.76 | 24.76 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F33 | 4 | 6 |
50 | Mix50-81430 | GU 20.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 20.88 | 22.88 | 24.88 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F34 | 4 | 6 |
51 | Mix51-67749 | GU 21MPa | Normal strength concrete | 21.00 | 23.00 | 25.00 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F35 | 4 | 6 |
52 | Mix52-60969 | GU 21.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 21.12 | 23.12 | 25.12 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F36 | 4 | 6 |
53 | Mix53-12647 | GU 21.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 21.24 | 23.24 | 25.24 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F37 | 4 | 6 |
54 | Mix54-37964 | GU 21.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 21.36 | 23.36 | 25.36 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F38 | 4 | 6 |
55 | Mix55-70693 | GU 21.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 21.48 | 23.48 | 25.48 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F39 | 4 | 6 |
56 | Mix56-11079 | GU 21.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 21.60 | 23.60 | 25.60 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F40 | 4 | 6 |
57 | Mix57-32997 | GU 21.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 21.72 | 23.72 | 25.72 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F41 | 4 | 6 |
58 | Mix58-35878 | GU 21.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 21.84 | 23.84 | 25.84 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F42 | 4 | 6 |
59 | Mix59-12293 | GU 22MPa | Normal strength concrete | 21.96 | 23.96 | 25.96 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F43 | 4 | 6 |
60 | Mix60-24391 | GU 22.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 22.08 | 24.08 | 26.08 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F44 | 4 | 6 |
61 | Mix61-84487 | GU 22.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 22.20 | 24.20 | 26.20 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F45 | 4 | 6 |
62 | Mix62-47376 | GU 22.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 22.32 | 24.32 | 26.32 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F46 | 4 | 6 |
63 | Mix63-74086 | GU 22.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 22.44 | 24.44 | 26.44 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F47 | 4 | 6 |
64 | Mix64-25042 | GU 22.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 22.56 | 24.56 | 26.56 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F48 | 4 | 6 |
65 | Mix65-35731 | GU 22.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 22.68 | 24.68 | 26.68 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F49 | 4 | 6 |
66 | Mix66-59766 | GU 22.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 22.80 | 24.80 | 26.80 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F50 | 4 | 6 |
67 | Mix67-17016 | GU 22.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 22.92 | 24.92 | 26.92 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F51 | 4 | 6 |
68 | Mix68-56438 | GU 23MPa | Normal strength concrete | 23.04 | 25.04 | 27.04 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F52 | 4 | 6 |
69 | Mix69-33624 | GU 23.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 23.16 | 25.16 | 27.16 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F53 | 4 | 6 |
70 | Mix70-46076 | GU 23.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 23.28 | 25.28 | 27.28 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F54 | 4 | 6 |
71 | Mix71-79755 | GU 23.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 23.40 | 25.40 | 27.40 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F55 | 4 | 6 |
72 | Mix72-15008 | GU 23.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 23.52 | 25.52 | 27.52 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F56 | 4 | 6 |
73 | Mix73-89718 | GU 23.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 23.64 | 25.64 | 27.64 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F57 | 4 | 6 |
74 | Mix74-41632 | GU 23.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 23.76 | 25.76 | 27.76 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F58 | 4 | 6 |
75 | Mix75-69145 | GU 23.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 23.88 | 25.88 | 27.88 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F59 | 4 | 6 |
76 | Mix76-52185 | GU 24MPa | Normal strength concrete | 24.00 | 26.00 | 28.00 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F60 | 4 | 6 |
77 | Mix77-91466 | GU 24.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 24.12 | 26.12 | 28.12 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F61 | 4 | 6 |
78 | Mix78-15178 | GU 24.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 24.24 | 26.24 | 28.24 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F62 | 4 | 6 |
79 | Mix79-61313 | GU 24.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 24.36 | 26.36 | 28.36 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F63 | 4 | 6 |
80 | Mix80-95701 | GU 24.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 24.48 | 26.48 | 28.48 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F64 | 4 | 6 |
81 | Mix81-16514 | GU 24.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 24.60 | 26.60 | 28.60 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F65 | 4 | 6 |
82 | Mix82-67623 | GU 24.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 24.72 | 26.72 | 28.72 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F66 | 4 | 6 |
83 | Mix83-83867 | GU 24.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 24.84 | 26.84 | 28.84 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F67 | 4 | 6 |
84 | Mix84-26021 | GU 25MPa | Normal strength concrete | 24.96 | 26.96 | 28.96 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F68 | 4 | 6 |
Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa
Table 4: Declared products with Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa considered in this environmental product declarationMix# | Unique name/ID | Short description | Product type | 28 day strength, MPa | 56 day strength, MPa | 90 day strength, MPa | Target slump, mm | Air entrained, yes/no | H2O:cement ratio | Exposure class | Slump min, mm | Slump max, mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
85 | Mix85-66456 | GU 25.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 25.08 | 27.08 | 29.08 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F69 | 4 | 6 |
86 | Mix86-88894 | GU 25.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 25.20 | 27.20 | 29.20 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F70 | 4 | 6 |
87 | Mix87-26645 | GU 25.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 25.32 | 27.32 | 29.32 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F71 | 4 | 6 |
88 | Mix88-46215 | GU 25.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 25.44 | 27.44 | 29.44 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F72 | 4 | 6 |
89 | Mix89-84963 | GU 25.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 25.56 | 27.56 | 29.56 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F73 | 4 | 6 |
90 | Mix90-23493 | GU 25.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 25.68 | 27.68 | 29.68 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F74 | 4 | 6 |
91 | Mix91-70979 | GU 25.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 25.80 | 27.80 | 29.80 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F75 | 4 | 6 |
92 | Mix92-93909 | GU 25.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 25.92 | 27.92 | 29.92 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F76 | 4 | 6 |
93 | Mix93-44063 | GU 26MPa | Normal strength concrete | 26.04 | 28.04 | 30.04 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F77 | 4 | 6 |
94 | Mix94-48376 | GU 26.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 26.16 | 28.16 | 30.16 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F78 | 4 | 6 |
95 | Mix95-95126 | GU 26.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 26.28 | 28.28 | 30.28 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F79 | 4 | 6 |
96 | Mix96-12082 | GU 26.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 26.40 | 28.40 | 30.40 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F80 | 4 | 6 |
97 | Mix97-21487 | GU 26.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 26.52 | 28.52 | 30.52 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F81 | 4 | 6 |
98 | Mix98-12547 | GU 26.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 26.64 | 28.64 | 30.64 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F82 | 4 | 6 |
99 | Mix99-16607 | GU 26.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 26.76 | 28.76 | 30.76 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F83 | 4 | 6 |
100 | Mix100-71437 | GU 26.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 26.88 | 28.88 | 30.88 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F84 | 4 | 6 |
101 | Mix101-21447 | GU 27MPa | Normal strength concrete | 27.00 | 29.00 | 31.00 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F85 | 4 | 6 |
102 | Mix102-56346 | GU 27.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 27.12 | 29.12 | 31.12 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F86 | 4 | 6 |
103 | Mix103-80564 | GU 27.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 27.24 | 29.24 | 31.24 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F87 | 4 | 6 |
104 | Mix104-80806 | GU 27.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 27.36 | 29.36 | 31.36 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F88 | 4 | 6 |
105 | Mix105-11020 | GU 27.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 27.48 | 29.48 | 31.48 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F89 | 4 | 6 |
106 | Mix106-59869 | GU 27.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 27.60 | 29.60 | 31.60 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F90 | 4 | 6 |
107 | Mix107-56902 | GU 27.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 27.72 | 29.72 | 31.72 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F91 | 4 | 6 |
108 | Mix108-43650 | GU 27.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 27.84 | 29.84 | 31.84 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F92 | 4 | 6 |
109 | Mix109-94356 | GU 28MPa | Normal strength concrete | 27.96 | 29.96 | 31.96 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F93 | 4 | 6 |
110 | Mix110-34135 | GU 28.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 28.08 | 30.08 | 32.08 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F94 | 4 | 6 |
111 | Mix111-68008 | GU 28.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 28.20 | 30.20 | 32.20 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F95 | 4 | 6 |
112 | Mix112-98093 | GU 28.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 28.32 | 30.32 | 32.32 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F96 | 4 | 6 |
113 | Mix113-97371 | GU 28.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 28.44 | 30.44 | 32.44 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F97 | 4 | 6 |
114 | Mix114-25697 | GU 28.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 28.56 | 30.56 | 32.56 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F98 | 4 | 6 |
115 | Mix115-13127 | GU 28.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 28.68 | 30.68 | 32.68 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F99 | 4 | 6 |
116 | Mix116-45108 | GU 28.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 28.80 | 30.80 | 32.80 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F100 | 4 | 6 |
117 | Mix117-46274 | GU 28.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 28.92 | 30.92 | 32.92 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F101 | 4 | 6 |
118 | Mix118-55228 | GU 29MPa | Normal strength concrete | 29.04 | 31.04 | 33.04 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F102 | 4 | 6 |
119 | Mix119-75092 | GU 29.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 29.16 | 31.16 | 33.16 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F103 | 4 | 6 |
120 | Mix120-34502 | GU 29.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 29.28 | 31.28 | 33.28 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F104 | 4 | 6 |
121 | Mix121-84301 | GU 29.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 29.40 | 31.40 | 33.40 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F105 | 4 | 6 |
122 | Mix122-43283 | GU 29.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 29.52 | 31.52 | 33.52 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F106 | 4 | 6 |
123 | Mix123-80054 | GU 29.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 29.64 | 31.64 | 33.64 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F107 | 4 | 6 |
124 | Mix124-71178 | GU 29.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 29.76 | 31.76 | 33.76 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F108 | 4 | 6 |
125 | Mix125-92381 | GU 29.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 29.88 | 31.88 | 33.88 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F109 | 4 | 6 |
Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa
Table 5: Declared products with Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa considered in this environmental product declarationMix# | Unique name/ID | Short description | Product type | 28 day strength, MPa | 56 day strength, MPa | 90 day strength, MPa | Target slump, mm | Air entrained, yes/no | H2O:cement ratio | Exposure class | Slump min, mm | Slump max, mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
126 | Mix126-11912 | GU 30MPa | Normal strength concrete | 30.00 | 32.00 | 34.00 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F110 | 4 | 6 |
127 | Mix127-61082 | GU 30.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 30.12 | 32.12 | 34.12 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F111 | 4 | 6 |
128 | Mix128-64739 | GU 30.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 30.24 | 32.24 | 34.24 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F112 | 4 | 6 |
129 | Mix129-81109 | GU 30.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 30.36 | 32.36 | 34.36 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F113 | 4 | 6 |
130 | Mix130-19104 | GU 30.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 30.48 | 32.48 | 34.48 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F114 | 4 | 6 |
131 | Mix131-72076 | GU 30.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 30.60 | 32.60 | 34.60 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F115 | 4 | 6 |
132 | Mix132-44021 | GU 30.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 30.72 | 32.72 | 34.72 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F116 | 4 | 6 |
133 | Mix133-53338 | GU 30.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 30.84 | 32.84 | 34.84 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F117 | 4 | 6 |
134 | Mix134-74129 | GU 31MPa | Normal strength concrete | 30.96 | 32.96 | 34.96 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F118 | 4 | 6 |
135 | Mix135-39288 | GU 31.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 31.08 | 33.08 | 35.08 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F119 | 4 | 6 |
136 | Mix136-84327 | GU 31.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 31.20 | 33.20 | 35.20 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F120 | 4 | 6 |
137 | Mix137-59020 | GU 31.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 31.32 | 33.32 | 35.32 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F121 | 4 | 6 |
138 | Mix138-85767 | GU 31.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 31.44 | 33.44 | 35.44 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F122 | 4 | 6 |
139 | Mix139-53957 | GU 31.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 31.56 | 33.56 | 35.56 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F123 | 4 | 6 |
140 | Mix140-99255 | GU 31.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 31.68 | 33.68 | 35.68 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F124 | 4 | 6 |
141 | Mix141-16468 | GU 31.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 31.80 | 33.80 | 35.80 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F125 | 4 | 6 |
142 | Mix142-62148 | GU 31.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 31.92 | 33.92 | 35.92 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F126 | 4 | 6 |
143 | Mix143-71006 | GU 32MPa | Normal strength concrete | 32.04 | 34.04 | 36.04 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F127 | 4 | 6 |
144 | Mix144-30881 | GU 32.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 32.16 | 34.16 | 36.16 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F128 | 4 | 6 |
145 | Mix145-47154 | GU 32.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 32.28 | 34.28 | 36.28 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F129 | 4 | 6 |
146 | Mix146-50459 | GU 32.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 32.40 | 34.40 | 36.40 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F130 | 4 | 6 |
147 | Mix147-75631 | GU 32.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 32.52 | 34.52 | 36.52 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F131 | 4 | 6 |
148 | Mix148-51759 | GU 32.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 32.64 | 34.64 | 36.64 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F132 | 4 | 6 |
149 | Mix149-74338 | GU 32.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 32.76 | 34.76 | 36.76 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F133 | 4 | 6 |
150 | Mix150-17134 | GU 32.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 32.88 | 34.88 | 36.88 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F134 | 4 | 6 |
151 | Mix151-31648 | GU 33MPa | Normal strength concrete | 33.00 | 35.00 | 37.00 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F135 | 4 | 6 |
152 | Mix152-59698 | GU 33.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 33.12 | 35.12 | 37.12 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F136 | 4 | 6 |
153 | Mix153-99366 | GU 33.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 33.24 | 35.24 | 37.24 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F137 | 4 | 6 |
154 | Mix154-44301 | GU 33.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 33.36 | 35.36 | 37.36 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F138 | 4 | 6 |
155 | Mix155-82963 | GU 33.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 33.48 | 35.48 | 37.48 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F139 | 4 | 6 |
156 | Mix156-71621 | GU 33.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 33.60 | 35.60 | 37.60 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F140 | 4 | 6 |
157 | Mix157-83308 | GU 33.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 33.72 | 35.72 | 37.72 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F141 | 4 | 6 |
158 | Mix158-46245 | GU 33.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 33.84 | 35.84 | 37.84 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F142 | 4 | 6 |
159 | Mix159-52236 | GU 34MPa | Normal strength concrete | 33.96 | 35.96 | 37.96 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F143 | 4 | 6 |
160 | Mix160-95917 | GU 34.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 34.08 | 36.08 | 38.08 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F144 | 4 | 6 |
161 | Mix161-85757 | GU 34.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 34.20 | 36.20 | 38.20 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F145 | 4 | 6 |
162 | Mix162-10447 | GU 34.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 34.32 | 36.32 | 38.32 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F146 | 4 | 6 |
163 | Mix163-18882 | GU 34.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 34.44 | 36.44 | 38.44 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F147 | 4 | 6 |
164 | Mix164-33678 | GU 34.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 34.56 | 36.56 | 38.56 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F148 | 4 | 6 |
165 | Mix165-47073 | GU 34.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 34.68 | 36.68 | 38.68 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F149 | 4 | 6 |
166 | Mix166-61327 | GU 34.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 34.80 | 36.80 | 38.80 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F150 | 4 | 6 |
167 | Mix167-41911 | GU 34.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 34.92 | 36.92 | 38.92 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F151 | 4 | 6 |
Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa
Table 6: Declared products with Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa considered in this environmental product declarationMix# | Unique name/ID | Short description | Product type | 28 day strength, MPa | 56 day strength, MPa | 90 day strength, MPa | Target slump, mm | Air entrained, yes/no | H2O:cement ratio | Exposure class | Slump min, mm | Slump max, mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
168 | Mix168-17939 | GU 35MPa | Normal strength concrete | 35.04 | 37.04 | 39.04 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F152 | 4 | 6 |
169 | Mix169-15133 | GU 35.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 35.16 | 37.16 | 39.16 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F153 | 4 | 6 |
170 | Mix170-11289 | GU 35.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 35.28 | 37.28 | 39.28 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F154 | 4 | 6 |
171 | Mix171-61810 | GU 35.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 35.40 | 37.40 | 39.40 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F155 | 4 | 6 |
172 | Mix172-66639 | GU 35.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 35.52 | 37.52 | 39.52 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F156 | 4 | 6 |
173 | Mix173-42738 | GU 35.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 35.64 | 37.64 | 39.64 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F157 | 4 | 6 |
174 | Mix174-52837 | GU 35.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 35.76 | 37.76 | 39.76 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F158 | 4 | 6 |
175 | Mix175-49631 | GU 35.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 35.88 | 37.88 | 39.88 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F159 | 4 | 6 |
176 | Mix176-39375 | GU 36MPa | Normal strength concrete | 36.00 | 38.00 | 40.00 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F160 | 4 | 6 |
177 | Mix177-87211 | GU 36.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 36.12 | 38.12 | 40.12 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F161 | 4 | 6 |
178 | Mix178-27617 | GU 36.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 36.24 | 38.24 | 40.24 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F162 | 4 | 6 |
179 | Mix179-70796 | GU 36.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 36.36 | 38.36 | 40.36 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F163 | 4 | 6 |
180 | Mix180-80269 | GU 36.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 36.48 | 38.48 | 40.48 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F164 | 4 | 6 |
181 | Mix181-69471 | GU 36.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 36.60 | 38.60 | 40.60 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F165 | 4 | 6 |
182 | Mix182-33075 | GU 36.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 36.72 | 38.72 | 40.72 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F166 | 4 | 6 |
183 | Mix183-95717 | GU 36.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 36.84 | 38.84 | 40.84 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F167 | 4 | 6 |
184 | Mix184-69207 | GU 37MPa | Normal strength concrete | 36.96 | 38.96 | 40.96 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F168 | 4 | 6 |
185 | Mix185-55846 | GU 37.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 37.08 | 39.08 | 41.08 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F169 | 4 | 6 |
186 | Mix-15076 | GU 37.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 37.20 | 39.20 | 41.20 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F170 | 4 | 6 |
187 | Mix-29267 | GU 37.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 37.32 | 39.32 | 41.32 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F171 | 4 | 6 |
188 | Mix-31602 | GU 37.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 37.44 | 39.44 | 41.44 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F172 | 4 | 6 |
189 | Mix-42264 | GU 37.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 37.56 | 39.56 | 41.56 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F173 | 4 | 6 |
190 | Mix-65339 | GU 37.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 37.68 | 39.68 | 41.68 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F174 | 4 | 6 |
191 | Mix-16412 | GU 37.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 37.80 | 39.80 | 41.80 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F175 | 4 | 6 |
192 | Mix-92421 | GU 37.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 37.92 | 39.92 | 41.92 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F176 | 4 | 6 |
193 | Mix-27089 | GU 38MPa | Normal strength concrete | 38.04 | 40.04 | 42.04 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F177 | 4 | 6 |
194 | Mix-15793 | GU 38.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 38.16 | 40.16 | 42.16 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F178 | 4 | 6 |
195 | Mix-61808 | GU 38.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 38.28 | 40.28 | 42.28 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F179 | 4 | 6 |
196 | Mix-13670 | GU 38.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 38.40 | 40.40 | 42.40 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F180 | 4 | 6 |
197 | Mix-85847 | GU 38.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 38.52 | 40.52 | 42.52 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F181 | 4 | 6 |
198 | Mix-98102 | GU 38.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 38.64 | 40.64 | 42.64 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F182 | 4 | 6 |
199 | Mix-67118 | GU 38.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 38.76 | 40.76 | 42.76 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F183 | 4 | 6 |
200 | Mix-35825 | GU 38.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 38.88 | 40.88 | 42.88 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F184 | 4 | 6 |
201 | Mix-68346 | GU 39MPa | Normal strength concrete | 39.00 | 41.00 | 43.00 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F185 | 4 | 6 |
202 | Mix-55499 | GU 39.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 39.12 | 41.12 | 43.12 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F186 | 4 | 6 |
203 | Mix-60897 | GU 39.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 39.24 | 41.24 | 43.24 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F187 | 4 | 6 |
204 | Mix-82711 | GU 39.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 39.36 | 41.36 | 43.36 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F188 | 4 | 6 |
205 | Mix-46298 | GU 39.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 39.48 | 41.48 | 43.48 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F189 | 4 | 6 |
206 | Mix-65801 | GU 39.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 39.60 | 41.60 | 43.60 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F190 | 4 | 6 |
207 | Mix-82474 | GU 39.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 39.72 | 41.72 | 43.72 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F191 | 4 | 6 |
208 | Mix-36274 | GU 39.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 39.84 | 41.84 | 43.84 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F192 | 4 | 6 |
209 | Mix-77442 | GU 40MPa | Normal strength concrete | 39.96 | 41.96 | 43.96 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F193 | 4 | 6 |
Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa
Table 7: Declared products with Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa considered in this environmental product declarationMix# | Unique name/ID | Short description | Product type | 28 day strength, MPa | 56 day strength, MPa | 90 day strength, MPa | Target slump, mm | Air entrained, yes/no | H2O:cement ratio | Exposure class | Slump min, mm | Slump max, mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
210 | Mix-29023 | GU 40.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 40.08 | 42.08 | 44.08 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F194 | 4 | 6 |
211 | Mix-62992 | GU 40.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 40.20 | 42.20 | 44.20 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F195 | 4 | 6 |
212 | Mix-32348 | GU 40.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 40.32 | 42.32 | 44.32 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F196 | 4 | 6 |
213 | Mix-40378 | GU 40.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 40.44 | 42.44 | 44.44 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F197 | 4 | 6 |
214 | Mix-20361 | GU 40.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 40.56 | 42.56 | 44.56 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F198 | 4 | 6 |
215 | Mix-53940 | GU 40.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 40.68 | 42.68 | 44.68 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F199 | 4 | 6 |
216 | Mix-71041 | GU 40.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 40.80 | 42.80 | 44.80 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F200 | 4 | 6 |
217 | Mix-32865 | GU 40.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 40.92 | 42.92 | 44.92 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F201 | 4 | 6 |
218 | Mix-69485 | GU 41MPa | Normal strength concrete | 41.04 | 43.04 | 45.04 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F202 | 4 | 6 |
219 | Mix-15904 | GU 41.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 41.16 | 43.16 | 45.16 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F203 | 4 | 6 |
220 | Mix-65705 | GU 41.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 41.28 | 43.28 | 45.28 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F204 | 4 | 6 |
221 | Mix-15136 | GU 41.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 41.40 | 43.40 | 45.40 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F205 | 4 | 6 |
222 | Mix-80037 | GU 41.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 41.52 | 43.52 | 45.52 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F206 | 4 | 6 |
223 | Mix-58049 | GU 41.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 41.64 | 43.64 | 45.64 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F207 | 4 | 6 |
224 | Mix-92548 | GU 41.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 41.76 | 43.76 | 45.76 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F208 | 4 | 6 |
225 | Mix-48989 | GU 41.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 41.88 | 43.88 | 45.88 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F209 | 4 | 6 |
226 | Mix-29065 | GU 42MPa | Normal strength concrete | 42.00 | 44.00 | 46.00 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F210 | 4 | 6 |
227 | Mix-31847 | GU 42.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 42.12 | 44.12 | 46.12 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F211 | 4 | 6 |
228 | Mix-98941 | GU 42.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 42.24 | 44.24 | 46.24 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F212 | 4 | 6 |
229 | Mix-92820 | GU 42.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 42.36 | 44.36 | 46.36 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F213 | 4 | 6 |
230 | Mix-94682 | GU 42.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 42.48 | 44.48 | 46.48 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F214 | 4 | 6 |
231 | Mix-10995 | GU 42.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 42.60 | 44.60 | 46.60 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F215 | 4 | 6 |
232 | Mix-32193 | GU 42.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 42.72 | 44.72 | 46.72 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F216 | 4 | 6 |
233 | Mix-42569 | GU 42.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 42.84 | 44.84 | 46.84 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F217 | 4 | 6 |
234 | Mix-51678 | GU 43MPa | Normal strength concrete | 42.96 | 44.96 | 46.96 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F218 | 4 | 6 |
235 | Mix-83098 | GU 43.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 43.08 | 45.08 | 47.08 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F219 | 4 | 6 |
236 | Mix-42171 | GU 43.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 43.20 | 45.20 | 47.20 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F220 | 4 | 6 |
237 | Mix-78645 | GU 43.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 43.32 | 45.32 | 47.32 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F221 | 4 | 6 |
238 | Mix-29048 | GU 43.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 43.44 | 45.44 | 47.44 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F222 | 4 | 6 |
239 | Mix-17717 | GU 43.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 43.56 | 45.56 | 47.56 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F223 | 4 | 6 |
240 | Mix-50496 | GU 43.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 43.68 | 45.68 | 47.68 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F224 | 4 | 6 |
241 | Mix-99274 | GU 43.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 43.80 | 45.80 | 47.80 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F225 | 4 | 6 |
242 | Mix-10417 | GU 43.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 43.92 | 45.92 | 47.92 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F226 | 4 | 6 |
243 | Mix-99676 | GU 44MPa | Normal strength concrete | 44.04 | 46.04 | 48.04 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F227 | 4 | 6 |
244 | Mix-96269 | GU 44.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 44.16 | 46.16 | 48.16 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F228 | 4 | 6 |
245 | Mix-41434 | GU 44.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 44.28 | 46.28 | 48.28 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F229 | 4 | 6 |
246 | Mix-18215 | GU 44.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 44.40 | 46.40 | 48.40 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F230 | 4 | 6 |
247 | Mix-36146 | GU 44.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 44.52 | 46.52 | 48.52 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F231 | 4 | 6 |
248 | Mix-83287 | GU 44.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 44.64 | 46.64 | 48.64 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F232 | 4 | 6 |
249 | Mix-41583 | GU 44.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 44.76 | 46.76 | 48.76 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F233 | 4 | 6 |
250 | Mix-15117 | GU 44.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 44.88 | 46.88 | 48.88 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F234 | 4 | 6 |
251 | Mix-10948 | GU 45MPa | Normal strength concrete | 45.00 | 47.00 | 49.00 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F235 | 4 | 6 |
Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa
Table 8: Declared products with Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa considered in this environmental product declarationMix# | Unique name/ID | Short description | Product type | 28 day strength, MPa | 56 day strength, MPa | 90 day strength, MPa | Target slump, mm | Air entrained, yes/no | H2O:cement ratio | Exposure class | Slump min, mm | Slump max, mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
252 | Mix-36504 | GU 45.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 45.12 | 47.12 | 49.12 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F236 | 4 | 6 |
253 | Mix-29695 | GU 45.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 45.24 | 47.24 | 49.24 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F237 | 4 | 6 |
254 | Mix-61742 | GU 45.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 45.36 | 47.36 | 49.36 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F238 | 4 | 6 |
255 | Mix-29775 | GU 45.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 45.48 | 47.48 | 49.48 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F239 | 4 | 6 |
256 | Mix-96173 | GU 45.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 45.60 | 47.60 | 49.60 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F240 | 4 | 6 |
257 | Mix-51799 | GU 45.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 45.72 | 47.72 | 49.72 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F241 | 4 | 6 |
258 | Mix-77882 | GU 45.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 45.84 | 47.84 | 49.84 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F242 | 4 | 6 |
259 | Mix-15578 | GU 46MPa | Normal strength concrete | 45.96 | 47.96 | 49.96 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F243 | 4 | 6 |
260 | Mix-76509 | GU 46.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 46.08 | 48.08 | 50.08 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F244 | 4 | 6 |
261 | Mix-68155 | GU 46.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 46.20 | 48.20 | 50.20 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F245 | 4 | 6 |
262 | Mix-65667 | GU 46.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 46.32 | 48.32 | 50.32 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F246 | 4 | 6 |
263 | Mix-94224 | GU 46.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 46.44 | 48.44 | 50.44 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F247 | 4 | 6 |
264 | Mix-51996 | GU 46.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 46.56 | 48.56 | 50.56 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F248 | 4 | 6 |
265 | Mix-86490 | GU 46.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 46.68 | 48.68 | 50.68 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F249 | 4 | 6 |
266 | Mix-16943 | GU 46.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 46.80 | 48.80 | 50.80 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F250 | 4 | 6 |
267 | Mix-36746 | GU 46.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 46.92 | 48.92 | 50.92 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F251 | 4 | 6 |
268 | Mix-78540 | GU 47MPa | Normal strength concrete | 47.04 | 49.04 | 51.04 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F252 | 4 | 6 |
269 | Mix-72304 | GU 47.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 47.16 | 49.16 | 51.16 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F253 | 4 | 6 |
270 | Mix-63926 | GU 47.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 47.28 | 49.28 | 51.28 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F254 | 4 | 6 |
271 | Mix-65953 | GU 47.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 47.40 | 49.40 | 51.40 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F255 | 4 | 6 |
272 | Mix-58518 | GU 47.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 47.52 | 49.52 | 51.52 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F256 | 4 | 6 |
273 | Mix-71142 | GU 47.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 47.64 | 49.64 | 51.64 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F257 | 4 | 6 |
274 | Mix-71674 | GU 47.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 47.76 | 49.76 | 51.76 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F258 | 4 | 6 |
275 | Mix-42026 | GU 47.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 47.88 | 49.88 | 51.88 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F259 | 4 | 6 |
276 | Mix-18524 | GU 48MPa | Normal strength concrete | 48.00 | 50.00 | 52.00 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F260 | 4 | 6 |
277 | Mix-60975 | GU 48.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 48.12 | 50.12 | 52.12 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F261 | 4 | 6 |
278 | Mix-23319 | GU 48.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 48.24 | 50.24 | 52.24 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F262 | 4 | 6 |
279 | Mix-33796 | GU 48.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 48.36 | 50.36 | 52.36 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F263 | 4 | 6 |
280 | Mix-16065 | GU 48.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 48.48 | 50.48 | 52.48 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F264 | 4 | 6 |
281 | Mix-96306 | GU 48.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 48.60 | 50.60 | 52.60 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F265 | 4 | 6 |
282 | Mix-24148 | GU 48.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 48.72 | 50.72 | 52.72 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F266 | 4 | 6 |
283 | Mix-49867 | GU 48.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 48.84 | 50.84 | 52.84 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F267 | 4 | 6 |
284 | Mix-46845 | GU 49MPa | Normal strength concrete | 48.96 | 50.96 | 52.96 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F268 | 4 | 6 |
285 | Mix-79513 | GU 49.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 49.08 | 51.08 | 53.08 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F269 | 4 | 6 |
286 | Mix-98604 | GU 49.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 49.20 | 51.20 | 53.20 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F270 | 4 | 6 |
287 | Mix-46480 | GU 49.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 49.32 | 51.32 | 53.32 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F271 | 4 | 6 |
288 | Mix-87338 | GU 49.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 49.44 | 51.44 | 53.44 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F272 | 4 | 6 |
289 | Mix-39042 | GU 49.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 49.56 | 51.56 | 53.56 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F273 | 4 | 6 |
290 | Mix-45059 | GU 49.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 49.68 | 51.68 | 53.68 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F274 | 4 | 6 |
291 | Mix-17061 | GU 49.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 49.80 | 51.80 | 53.80 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F275 | 4 | 6 |
292 | Mix-38371 | GU 49.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 49.92 | 51.92 | 53.92 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F276 | 4 | 6 |
Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa
Table 9: Declared products with Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa considered in this environmental product declarationMix# | Unique name/ID | Short description | Product type | 28 day strength, MPa | 56 day strength, MPa | 90 day strength, MPa | Target slump, mm | Air entrained, yes/no | H2O:cement ratio | Exposure class | Slump min, mm | Slump max, mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
293 | Mix-78559 | GU 50MPa | Normal strength concrete | 50.04 | 52.04 | 54.04 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F277 | 4 | 6 |
294 | Mix-66838 | GU 50.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 50.16 | 52.16 | 54.16 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F278 | 4 | 6 |
295 | Mix-31783 | GU 50.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 50.28 | 52.28 | 54.28 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F279 | 4 | 6 |
296 | Mix-94139 | GU 50.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 50.40 | 52.40 | 54.40 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F280 | 4 | 6 |
297 | Mix-35932 | GU 50.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 50.52 | 52.52 | 54.52 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F281 | 4 | 6 |
298 | Mix-24369 | GU 50.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 50.64 | 52.64 | 54.64 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F282 | 4 | 6 |
299 | Mix-94136 | GU 50.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 50.76 | 52.76 | 54.76 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F283 | 4 | 6 |
300 | Mix-77680 | GU 50.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 50.88 | 52.88 | 54.88 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F284 | 4 | 6 |
301 | Mix-15995 | GU 51MPa | Normal strength concrete | 51.00 | 53.00 | 55.00 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F285 | 4 | 6 |
302 | Mix-22554 | GU 51.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 51.12 | 53.12 | 55.12 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F286 | 4 | 6 |
303 | Mix-65509 | GU 51.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 51.24 | 53.24 | 55.24 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F287 | 4 | 6 |
304 | Mix-18218 | GU 51.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 51.36 | 53.36 | 55.36 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F288 | 4 | 6 |
305 | Mix-16467 | GU 51.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 51.48 | 53.48 | 55.48 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F289 | 4 | 6 |
306 | Mix-19543 | GU 51.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 51.60 | 53.60 | 55.60 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F290 | 4 | 6 |
307 | Mix-48077 | GU 51.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 51.72 | 53.72 | 55.72 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F291 | 4 | 6 |
308 | Mix-17966 | GU 51.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 51.84 | 53.84 | 55.84 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F292 | 4 | 6 |
309 | Mix-22089 | GU 52MPa | Normal strength concrete | 51.96 | 53.96 | 55.96 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F293 | 4 | 6 |
310 | Mix-27878 | GU 52.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 52.08 | 54.08 | 56.08 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F294 | 4 | 6 |
311 | Mix-70932 | GU 52.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 52.20 | 54.20 | 56.20 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F295 | 4 | 6 |
312 | Mix-25994 | GU 52.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 52.32 | 54.32 | 56.32 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F296 | 4 | 6 |
313 | Mix-38084 | GU 52.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 52.44 | 54.44 | 56.44 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F297 | 4 | 6 |
314 | Mix-66708 | GU 52.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 52.56 | 54.56 | 56.56 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F298 | 4 | 6 |
315 | Mix-94289 | GU 52.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 52.68 | 54.68 | 56.68 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F299 | 4 | 6 |
316 | Mix-54615 | GU 52.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 52.80 | 54.80 | 56.80 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F300 | 4 | 6 |
317 | Mix-40377 | GU 52.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 52.92 | 54.92 | 56.92 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F301 | 4 | 6 |
318 | Mix-34197 | GU 53MPa | Normal strength concrete | 53.04 | 55.04 | 57.04 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F302 | 4 | 6 |
319 | Mix-31884 | GU 53.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 53.16 | 55.16 | 57.16 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F303 | 4 | 6 |
320 | Mix-79338 | GU 53.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 53.28 | 55.28 | 57.28 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F304 | 4 | 6 |
321 | Mix-36655 | GU 53.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 53.40 | 55.40 | 57.40 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F305 | 4 | 6 |
322 | Mix-52592 | GU 53.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 53.52 | 55.52 | 57.52 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F306 | 4 | 6 |
323 | Mix-92216 | GU 53.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 53.64 | 55.64 | 57.64 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F307 | 4 | 6 |
324 | Mix-46905 | GU 53.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 53.76 | 55.76 | 57.76 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F308 | 4 | 6 |
325 | Mix-89325 | GU 53.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 53.88 | 55.88 | 57.88 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F309 | 4 | 6 |
326 | Mix-64465 | GU 54MPa | Normal strength concrete | 54.00 | 56.00 | 58.00 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F310 | 4 | 6 |
327 | Mix-25139 | GU 54.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 54.12 | 56.12 | 58.12 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F311 | 4 | 6 |
328 | Mix-27193 | GU 54.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 54.24 | 56.24 | 58.24 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F312 | 4 | 6 |
329 | Mix-58699 | GU 54.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 54.36 | 56.36 | 58.36 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F313 | 4 | 6 |
330 | Mix-97606 | GU 54.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 54.48 | 56.48 | 58.48 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F314 | 4 | 6 |
331 | Mix-21540 | GU 54.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 54.60 | 56.60 | 58.60 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F315 | 4 | 6 |
332 | Mix-23823 | GU 54.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 54.72 | 56.72 | 58.72 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F316 | 4 | 6 |
333 | Mix-62301 | GU 54.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 54.84 | 56.84 | 58.84 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F317 | 4 | 6 |
334 | Mix-37756 | GU 55MPa | Normal strength concrete | 54.96 | 56.96 | 58.96 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F318 | 4 | 6 |
Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa
Table 10: Declared products with Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa considered in this environmental product declarationMix# | Unique name/ID | Short description | Product type | 28 day strength, MPa | 56 day strength, MPa | 90 day strength, MPa | Target slump, mm | Air entrained, yes/no | H2O:cement ratio | Exposure class | Slump min, mm | Slump max, mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
335 | Mix-30268 | GU 55.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 55.08 | 57.08 | 59.08 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F319 | 4 | 6 |
336 | Mix-15208 | GU 55.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 55.20 | 57.20 | 59.20 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F320 | 4 | 6 |
337 | Mix-84133 | GU 55.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 55.32 | 57.32 | 59.32 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F321 | 4 | 6 |
338 | Mix-32896 | GU 55.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 55.44 | 57.44 | 59.44 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F322 | 4 | 6 |
339 | Mix-88356 | GU 55.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 55.56 | 57.56 | 59.56 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F323 | 4 | 6 |
340 | Mix-12468 | GU 55.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 55.68 | 57.68 | 59.68 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F324 | 4 | 6 |
341 | Mix-75908 | GU 55.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 55.80 | 57.80 | 59.80 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F325 | 4 | 6 |
342 | Mix-80175 | GU 55.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 55.92 | 57.92 | 59.92 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F326 | 4 | 6 |
343 | Mix-37623 | GU 56MPa | Normal strength concrete | 56.04 | 58.04 | 60.04 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F327 | 4 | 6 |
344 | Mix-83151 | GU 56.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 56.16 | 58.16 | 60.16 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F328 | 4 | 6 |
345 | Mix-10817 | GU 56.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 56.28 | 58.28 | 60.28 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F329 | 4 | 6 |
346 | Mix-86746 | GU 56.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 56.40 | 58.40 | 60.40 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F330 | 4 | 6 |
347 | Mix-93253 | GU 56.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 56.52 | 58.52 | 60.52 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F331 | 4 | 6 |
348 | Mix-50022 | GU 56.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 56.64 | 58.64 | 60.64 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F332 | 4 | 6 |
349 | Mix-59206 | GU 56.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 56.76 | 58.76 | 60.76 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F333 | 4 | 6 |
350 | Mix-28703 | GU 56.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 56.88 | 58.88 | 60.88 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F334 | 4 | 6 |
351 | Mix-97614 | GU 57MPa | Normal strength concrete | 57.00 | 59.00 | 61.00 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F335 | 4 | 6 |
352 | Mix-92311 | GU 57.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 57.12 | 59.12 | 61.12 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F336 | 4 | 6 |
353 | Mix-34714 | GU 57.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 57.24 | 59.24 | 61.24 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F337 | 4 | 6 |
354 | Mix-58163 | GU 57.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 57.36 | 59.36 | 61.36 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F338 | 4 | 6 |
355 | Mix-55708 | GU 57.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 57.48 | 59.48 | 61.48 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F339 | 4 | 6 |
356 | Mix-92765 | GU 57.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 57.60 | 59.60 | 61.60 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F340 | 4 | 6 |
357 | Mix-88873 | GU 57.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 57.72 | 59.72 | 61.72 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F341 | 4 | 6 |
358 | Mix-97106 | GU 57.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 57.84 | 59.84 | 61.84 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F342 | 4 | 6 |
359 | Mix-66950 | GU 58MPa | Normal strength concrete | 57.96 | 59.96 | 61.96 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F343 | 4 | 6 |
360 | Mix-67611 | GU 58.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 58.08 | 60.08 | 62.08 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F344 | 4 | 6 |
361 | Mix-61937 | GU 58.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 58.20 | 60.20 | 62.20 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F345 | 4 | 6 |
362 | Mix-37999 | GU 58.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 58.32 | 60.32 | 62.32 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F346 | 4 | 6 |
363 | Mix-61708 | GU 58.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 58.44 | 60.44 | 62.44 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F347 | 4 | 6 |
364 | Mix-98097 | GU 58.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 58.56 | 60.56 | 62.56 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F348 | 4 | 6 |
365 | Mix-27833 | GU 58.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 58.68 | 60.68 | 62.68 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F349 | 4 | 6 |
366 | Mix-15492 | GU 58.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 58.80 | 60.80 | 62.80 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F350 | 4 | 6 |
367 | Mix-89994 | GU 58.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 58.92 | 60.92 | 62.92 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F351 | 4 | 6 |
368 | Mix-71671 | GU 59MPa | Normal strength concrete | 59.04 | 61.04 | 63.04 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F352 | 4 | 6 |
369 | Mix-51468 | GU 59.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 59.16 | 61.16 | 63.16 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F353 | 4 | 6 |
370 | Mix-90469 | GU 59.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 59.28 | 61.28 | 63.28 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F354 | 4 | 6 |
371 | Mix-24013 | GU 59.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 59.40 | 61.40 | 63.40 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F355 | 4 | 6 |
372 | Mix-38067 | GU 59.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 59.52 | 61.52 | 63.52 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F356 | 4 | 6 |
373 | Mix-17400 | GU 59.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 59.64 | 61.64 | 63.64 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F357 | 4 | 6 |
374 | Mix-97626 | GU 59.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 59.76 | 61.76 | 63.76 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F358 | 4 | 6 |
375 | Mix-85913 | GU 59.9MPa | Normal strength concrete | 59.88 | 61.88 | 63.88 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F359 | 4 | 6 |
376 | Mix-10540 | GU 60MPa | Normal strength concrete | 60.00 | 62.00 | 64.00 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F360 | 4 | 6 |
Mix designs: >60MPa
Table 11: Declared products with Mix designs: >60MPa considered in this environmental product declarationMix# | Unique name/ID | Short description | Product type | 28 day strength, MPa | 56 day strength, MPa | 90 day strength, MPa | Target slump, mm | Air entrained, yes/no | H2O:cement ratio | Exposure class | Slump min, mm | Slump max, mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
377 | Mix-59857 | GU 60.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 60.12 | 62.12 | 64.12 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F361 | 4 | 6 |
378 | Mix-20407 | GU 60.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 60.24 | 62.24 | 64.24 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F362 | 4 | 6 |
379 | Mix-66976 | GU 60.4MPa | Normal strength concrete | 60.36 | 62.36 | 64.36 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F363 | 4 | 6 |
380 | Mix-75369 | GU 60.5MPa | Normal strength concrete | 60.48 | 62.48 | 64.48 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F364 | 4 | 6 |
381 | Mix-65466 | GU 60.6MPa | Normal strength concrete | 60.60 | 62.60 | 64.60 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F365 | 4 | 6 |
382 | Mix-62591 | GU 60.7MPa | Normal strength concrete | 60.72 | 62.72 | 64.72 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F366 | 4 | 6 |
383 | Mix-44774 | GU 60.8MPa | Normal strength concrete | 60.84 | 62.84 | 64.84 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F367 | 4 | 6 |
384 | Mix-63324 | GU 61MPa | Normal strength concrete | 60.96 | 62.96 | 64.96 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F368 | 4 | 6 |
385 | Mix-41669 | GU 61.1MPa | Normal strength concrete | 61.08 | 63.08 | 65.08 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F369 | 4 | 6 |
386 | Mix-14126 | GU 61.2MPa | Normal strength concrete | 61.20 | 63.20 | 65.20 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F370 | 4 | 6 |
387 | Mix-20335 | GU 61.3MPa | Normal strength concrete | 61.32 | 63.32 | 65.32 | 5 | yes | 0.4 | F371 | 4 | 6 |
Ready Mix Concrete design composition
The following figures provide an approximate mass breakdown (kg per m3) of the material composition of each ready mix concrete design considered. Please note that the presented breakdown has been randomly altered by +/-10%, and is therefore only an approximation; this manipulation is to ensure confidentiality.
Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa
Figure 1: Approximate material composition - Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa per m3 concrete. Note: presented breakdown is approxiate to ensure confidentiality.
Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa
Figure 2: Approximate material composition - Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa per m3 concrete. Note: presented breakdown is approxiate to ensure confidentiality.
Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa
Figure 3: Approximate material composition - Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa per m3 concrete. Note: presented breakdown is approxiate to ensure confidentiality.
Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa
Figure 4: Approximate material composition - Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa per m3 concrete. Note: presented breakdown is approxiate to ensure confidentiality.
Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa
Figure 5: Approximate material composition - Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa per m3 concrete. Note: presented breakdown is approxiate to ensure confidentiality.
Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa
Figure 6: Approximate material composition - Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa per m3 concrete. Note: presented breakdown is approxiate to ensure confidentiality.
Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa
Figure 7: Approximate material composition - Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa per m3 concrete. Note: presented breakdown is approxiate to ensure confidentiality.
Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa
Figure 8: Approximate material composition - Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa per m3 concrete. Note: presented breakdown is approxiate to ensure confidentiality.
Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa
Figure 9: Approximate material composition - Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa per m3 concrete. Note: presented breakdown is approxiate to ensure confidentiality.
Mix designs: >60MPa
Figure 10: Approximate material composition - Mix designs: >60MPa per m3 concrete. Note: presented breakdown is approxiate to ensure confidentiality.
A1 raw material recycled content and material losses
The following table provides a list of the raw material inputs (module A1) across all products considered, their recyclability content and assumed material losses.
Table 12: Module A1 raw material inputs, the recyclability content and assumed material losses (dry basis)product.name | mix.category | primary.content | post.industrial.content | post.consumer.content | material.losses |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
xyz Admix | Admixture | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 |
Gravel | Coarse.Aggregate | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 |
Sand | Fine.Aggregate | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 |
General use cement | Cement | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 |
Tap water | Water | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 |
System boundaries
As depicted in the figure below, this study considers a cradle-to-gate system boundary:
Figure 11: General life cycle phases for consideration in a construction works system. The red boundary line indicates the system scope considered in this LCA/EPD
This is a “cradle-to-gate” life cycle analysis reported in accordance with EPD Product Category Rule (PCR) v2.3 2012:01 and the sub-PCR-F, Resilient, Textile and Laminate Floor Coverings 2012:01. The following three life cycle stages are included in the study: * A1: Raw material supply (upstream processes) - Extraction, handling, and processing of the materials used in manufacturing the declared products in this LCA. * A2: Transportation - Transportation of A1 materials from the supplier to the “gate” of the manufacturing facility (i.e. A3). * A3: Manufacturing (core processes)- The energy and other utility inputs used to store, move, and manufacturer the declared products and to operate the facility.
As according to the PCR, the following figure illustrates the general activities and input requirements for producing ready mix concrete products and is not necessarily exhaustive.
Figure 12: General system inputs considered in the product system and categorized by modules A1 to A3
In addition, as according to the relevant PCR, the following requirements are excluded from this study:
- Production, manufacture and construction of A3 building/capital goods and infrastructure;
- Production and manufacture of steel production equipment, steel delivery vehicles, earthmoving equipment, and laboratory equipment;
- Personnel-related activities (travel, furniture, office supplies);
- Energy use related to company management and sales activities.
For this LCA the manufacturing plant, owned and operated by Lafarge Canada Inc, is located at their Maple Ridge in Britsh Columbia, Canada. All operating data is formulated using the actual data from Lafarge Canada Inc’s plant at the above location, including water, energy consumption and waste generation. All inputs for this system boundary are calculated for the plant.
This life cycle inventory was organized in a spreadsheet and was then input into an RStudio environment where pre-calculated LCIA results for relevant products/activies stemming from the ecoinvent 3.4 database and a local EPD database in combination with primary data from Lafarge Canada Inc were utilzied. Explanations of the contribution of each data source to this study are outlined in the section Data Sources and Quality. Further LCI details for each declared product are provided in the sections ‘Detailed LCI tables’ and ‘Transport tables’ of the detailed LCA report. A parameter uncertainty analysis was also performed where key statistical results (e.g. min/mean/max etc.) are provided.
Cut-off criteria
ISO 14044:2006 and the focus PCR requires the LCA model to contain a minimum of 95% of the total inflows (mass and energy) to the upstream and core modules be included in this study. The cut-off criteria were applied to all other processes unless noted above as follows: * A 1% cut-off is considered for all renewable and non-renewable primary energy consumption and the total mass of inputs within a unit process where the total of the neglected inputs does not exceed 5%.
Data Sources and Data Quality Assessment
The following table summarizes the facility’s (i.e. A3) electricity consumption and generation (if applicable), process/space heating requirements, fuel inputs for on-site machinery, and waste generation.
Table 13: Inputs required by facility from to (364 days) to produce cubic metersActivity | Value | Units |
---|---|---|
Electricity consumption and generation (if applicable) | ||
Gross grid electricity: | 20000 | kWh |
Process/space heating requirements | ||
Process heat | 20 | GJ |
Fuel requirements for machinery | ||
Propane, heating mix | 400 | m3 |
Loader, moving aggregaes, Diesel | 2000 | L |
Waste generation | ||
Wash water | 222 | m3 |
Hazardous waste | 3 | kg |
Non-hazardous concrete waste | 10000 | kg |
High-level radioactive waste | 0 | kg |
Technology and fuel type | Value | Units | Reovered on-site or off-site |
---|---|---|---|
Waste heat from … | 300 | GJ | on-site |
Component/material for re-use/recycling | Value | Units | Re-used/recycled on-site or off-site |
---|---|---|---|
Cardboard packaging | 300 | kg | off-site |
The following statements explain how the above facility requirements/generation were derived:
- Electricity: Electricity generation and consumption values were based on monthly utility bills.
- Process/space heating: Electricity heat requirements were based on monthly utility bills.
- Fuel required for machinery:: Energy requirements for machinery were based on fuel purchase receipts.
- Waste generation:: Please provide an explanation of how the above waste generation values were determined:
- Waste generation:: Actual roadway distance to waste and sorting/recycling facilities were calculated via Google Maps. Empty returns were accounted for.
- Recovered energy:: Recovered energy (both on and off-site) was measured based on volume and energy estimates using various metering devices.
- Recycled/reused material/components:: The above estimates were based on case-by-case basis depending on the material/component type.
- Module A1 material losses:: Facility-boundary material flow analysis techniques were utilized.
- Product transport requirements:: Diesel fill up receipts from fuel station.
The following tables (i.e. modules A1 to A3) depict a list of assumed life cycle inventory utilized in the LCA modelling to generate the impact results. An assessment of the quality of each LCI activity utilized is also provided.
Table 16: LCI inputs assumed for module A1 (i.e. raw material supply)Input | LCI.activity | Data.source | Geography | Year | Data.Quality.Assessment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
General use cement | Production of cement, general use Portland limestone cement/CA-BC-Richmond/kilogram | EPD: Lafarge Canada Inc | British Columbia | 2019 | . Technology: Very good |
. Time: Very good, up-to-date 3rd Party Verified EPD | |||||
. Geography: Very good | |||||
. Reliability: Good, up-to-date 3rd Party Verified EPD | |||||
. Completeness: Very good, up-to-date 3rd Party Verified EPD | |||||
Gravel | Production of aggregates, TYPE L RIP RAP D/50=9/US-CO/kilogram | EPD: Martin Marietta | British Columbia | 2017 | . Technology: Good |
. Time: Very good, up-to-date 3rd Party Verified EPD | |||||
. Geography: Fair | |||||
. Reliability: Good, up-to-date 3rd Party Verified EPD | |||||
. Completeness: Very good, up-to-date 3rd Party Verified EPD | |||||
Tap water | market for tap water/RoW/kilogram | ecoinvent v3.4 | British Columbia | v3.4 in 2017 | . Technology: Good |
. Time: Good, ecoinvent routinely updated - v3.4 less than 3 years old | |||||
. Geography: Fair | |||||
. Reliability: very good, 3rd party verfied dataset | |||||
. Completeness: very good, ecoinvent considers most inputs/outputs | |||||
xyz Admix | Production of concrete admixture, set accelerator/RER/kilogram | EPD: European Federation of Concrete Admixtures Associations Ltd. | Alberta | 2015 | . Technology: Fair |
. Time: Very good, up-to-date 3rd Party Verified EPD | |||||
. Geography: Fair | |||||
. Reliability: Good, up-to-date 3rd Party Verified EPD | |||||
. Completeness: Very good, up-to-date 3rd Party Verified EPD | |||||
Sand | silica sand production/DE/kilogram | ecoinvent v3.4 | British Columbia | v3.4 in 2017 | . Technology: Good |
. Time: Good, ecoinvent routinely updated - v3.4 less than 3 years old | |||||
. Geography: Fair | |||||
. Reliability: very good, 3rd party verfied dataset | |||||
. Completeness: very good, ecoinvent considers most inputs/outputs | |||||
Input | LCI.activity | Data.source | Geography | Year | Data.Quality.Assessment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
General use cement- freight transport via Truck | transport, freight, lorry 16-32 metric ton, EURO3/RoW/ton kilometer | ecoinvent v3.4 | RoW | v3.4 in 2017 | . Technology: Good, transport activities are GLO/RoW averages |
. Time: Good, ecoinvent routinely updated - v3.4 less than 3 years old | |||||
. Geography: Fair, transport activities GLO/Row averages | |||||
. Reliability: very good, 3rd party verfied dataset | |||||
. Completeness: very good, ecoinvent considers most inputs/outputs | |||||
Gravel- freight transport via Truck | transport, freight, lorry 7.5-16 metric ton, EURO6/RoW/ton kilometer | ecoinvent v3.4 | RoW | v3.4 in 2017 | . Technology: Good, transport activities are GLO/RoW averages |
. Time: Good, ecoinvent routinely updated - v3.4 less than 3 years old | |||||
. Geography: Fair, transport activities GLO/Row averages | |||||
. Reliability: very good, 3rd party verfied dataset | |||||
. Completeness: very good, ecoinvent considers most inputs/outputs | |||||
Sand- freight transport via Truck | transport, freight, lorry 7.5-16 metric ton, EURO6/RoW/ton kilometer | ecoinvent v3.4 | RoW | v3.4 in 2017 | . Technology: Good, transport activities are GLO/RoW averages |
. Time: Good, ecoinvent routinely updated - v3.4 less than 3 years old | |||||
. Geography: Fair, transport activities GLO/Row averages | |||||
. Reliability: very good, 3rd party verfied dataset | |||||
. Completeness: very good, ecoinvent considers most inputs/outputs | |||||
Input | LCI.activity | Data.source | Geography | Year | Data.Quality.Assessment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grid electricity | market for electricity, medium voltage/CA-QC/kilowatt hour | ecoinvent v3.4 | CA-QC | v3.4 in 2017 | . Technology: Very good |
. Time: Good, ecoinvent routinely updated - v3.4 less than 3 years old | |||||
. Geography: Very good | |||||
. Reliability: very good, 3rd party verfied dataset | |||||
. Completeness: very good, ecoinvent considers most inputs/outputs | |||||
Hazardous waste | treatment of hazardous waste, underground deposit/RoW/kilogram | ecoinvent v3.4 | RoW | v3.4 in 2017 | . Technology: Good |
. Time: Good, ecoinvent routinely updated - v3.4 less than 3 years old | |||||
. Geography: Fair | |||||
. Reliability: very good, 3rd party verfied dataset | |||||
. Completeness: very good, ecoinvent considers most inputs/outputs | |||||
Loader, moving aggregaes, Diesel | excavation, skid-steer loader/RoW/cubic meter | ecoinvent v3.4 | RoW | v3.4 in 2017 | . Technology: Good |
. Time: Good, ecoinvent routinely updated - v3.4 less than 3 years old | |||||
. Geography: Fair | |||||
. Reliability: very good, 3rd party verfied dataset | |||||
. Completeness: very good, ecoinvent considers most inputs/outputs | |||||
Non-hazardous concrete waste | treatment of waste concrete, not reinforced, collection for final disposal/RoW/kilogram | ecoinvent v3.4 | RoW | v3.4 in 2017 | . Technology: Good |
. Time: Good, ecoinvent routinely updated - v3.4 less than 3 years old | |||||
. Geography: Fair | |||||
. Reliability: very good, 3rd party verfied dataset | |||||
. Completeness: very good, ecoinvent considers most inputs/outputs | |||||
Process heat | heat production, natural gas, at industrial furnace >100kW/RoW/megajoule | ecoinvent v3.4 | RoW | v3.4 in 2017 | . Technology: Good |
. Time: Good, ecoinvent routinely updated - v3.4 less than 3 years old | |||||
. Geography: Fair | |||||
. Reliability: very good, 3rd party verfied dataset | |||||
. Completeness: very good, ecoinvent considers most inputs/outputs | |||||
Propane, heating mix | propane, burned in building machine/GLO/megajoule | ecoinvent v3.4 | GLO | v3.4 in 2017 | . Technology: Good |
. Time: Good, ecoinvent routinely updated - v3.4 less than 3 years old | |||||
. Geography: Fair | |||||
. Reliability: very good, 3rd party verfied dataset | |||||
. Completeness: very good, ecoinvent considers most inputs/outputs | |||||
Rooftop PV | electricity production, photovoltaic, 3kWp slanted-roof installation, multi-Si, panel, mounted/CA-ON/kilowatt hour | ecoinvent v3.4 | CA-ON | v3.4 in 2017 | . Technology: Good |
. Time: Good, ecoinvent routinely updated - v3.4 less than 3 years old | |||||
. Geography: Very good | |||||
. Reliability: very good, 3rd party verfied dataset | |||||
. Completeness: very good, ecoinvent considers most inputs/outputs | |||||
Transport of Cardboard packaging | transport, freight, lorry 7.5-16 metric ton, EURO6/RoW/ton kilometer | ecoinvent v3.4 | RoW | v3.4 in 2017 | . Technology: Good |
. Time: Good, ecoinvent routinely updated - v3.4 less than 3 years old | |||||
. Geography: Fair | |||||
. Reliability: very good, 3rd party verfied dataset | |||||
. Completeness: very good, ecoinvent considers most inputs/outputs | |||||
Transport of Hazardous waste | transport, freight, lorry 3.5-7.5 metric ton, EURO6/RoW/ton kilometer | ecoinvent v3.4 | RoW | v3.4 in 2017 | . Technology: Good |
. Time: Good, ecoinvent routinely updated - v3.4 less than 3 years old | |||||
. Geography: Fair | |||||
. Reliability: very good, 3rd party verfied dataset | |||||
. Completeness: very good, ecoinvent considers most inputs/outputs | |||||
Transport of High-level radioactive waste | transport, freight, lorry 3.5-7.5 metric ton, EURO6/RoW/ton kilometer | ecoinvent v3.4 | RoW | v3.4 in 2017 | . Technology: Good |
. Time: Good, ecoinvent routinely updated - v3.4 less than 3 years old | |||||
. Geography: Fair | |||||
. Reliability: very good, 3rd party verfied dataset | |||||
. Completeness: very good, ecoinvent considers most inputs/outputs | |||||
Transport of Non-hazardous concrete waste | transport, freight, lorry 3.5-7.5 metric ton, EURO6/RoW/ton kilometer | ecoinvent v3.4 | RoW | v3.4 in 2017 | . Technology: Good |
. Time: Good, ecoinvent routinely updated - v3.4 less than 3 years old | |||||
. Geography: Fair | |||||
. Reliability: very good, 3rd party verfied dataset | |||||
. Completeness: very good, ecoinvent considers most inputs/outputs | |||||
Transport of Wash water | transport, freight, lorry 7.5-16 metric ton, EURO6/RoW/ton kilometer | ecoinvent v3.4 | RoW | v3.4 in 2017 | . Technology: Good |
. Time: Good, ecoinvent routinely updated - v3.4 less than 3 years old | |||||
. Geography: Fair | |||||
. Reliability: very good, 3rd party verfied dataset | |||||
. Completeness: very good, ecoinvent considers most inputs/outputs | |||||
Truck and fuel type | transport, freight, lorry 16-32 metric ton, EURO6/RoW/ton kilometer | ecoinvent v3.4 | RoW | v3.4 in 2017 | . Technology: Good |
. Time: Good, ecoinvent routinely updated - v3.4 less than 3 years old | |||||
. Geography: Fair | |||||
. Reliability: very good, 3rd party verfied dataset | |||||
. Completeness: very good, ecoinvent considers most inputs/outputs | |||||
Wash water | market for wastewater from concrete production/RoW/cubic meter | ecoinvent v3.4 | RoW | v3.4 in 2017 | . Technology: Good |
. Time: Good, ecoinvent routinely updated - v3.4 less than 3 years old | |||||
. Geography: Fair | |||||
. Reliability: very good, 3rd party verfied dataset | |||||
. Completeness: very good, ecoinvent considers most inputs/outputs | |||||
Data Quality Assessment
Data quality/variability requirements, as specified in the PCR, are applied. This section describes the achieved data quality relative to the ISO 14044:2006 requirements. Data quality is judged based on its precision (measured, calculated or estimated), completeness (e.g., unreported emissions), consistency (degree of uniformity of the methodology applied within a study serving as a data source) and representativeness (geographical, temporal, and technological).
Precision: Through measurement and calculation, the manufacturers collected and provided primary data on their annual production. For accuracy, the LCA practitioner and 3rd Party Verifier validated the plant gate-to-gate data.
Completeness: All relevant specific processes, including inputs (raw materials, energy and ancillary materials) and outputs (emissions and production volume) were considered and modeled to represent the specified and declared products. The relevant background materials and processes were taken from ecoinvent v3.4 LCI databases where relatively recent Canadian-specific electricity inputs were utilized.
Consistency: To ensure consistency, the LCI modeling of the production weighted input and output LCI data for the declared products used the same modeling structure across the respective product systems, which consisted of raw material inputs and ancillary material, energy flows, water resource inputs, product and co-products outputs, returned and recovered ready mix concrete materials, emissions to air, water and soil, and waste recycling and treatment. The same background LCI datasets the ecoinvent v3.4 database were used across all product systems. Crosschecks concerning the plausibility of mass and energy flows were continuously conducted. The LCA team conducted mass and energy balances at the plant and selected process level to maintain a high level of consistency.
Reproducibility: Internal reproducibility is possible since the data and the models are stored and available in a machine readable project file for all foreground and background processes, and in P3 Optima’s proprietary ready mix concrete LCA calculator* for all production facility and mix-specific calculations. A considerable level of transparency is provided throughout the LCA report as the specifications and material quantity make-up for the declared products are presented and key primary and secondary LCI data sources are summarized. The provision of more detailed data to allow full external reproducibility was not possible due to reasons of confidentiality.
*P3 Optima has developed a proprietary tool that allows the calculation of PCR-compliant LCA results for ready mix concrete product designs. The tool auto-calculates results by scaling base-unit technosphere inputs (i.e. 1 kg portland cement, 1 kWh electricity, etc.) to replicate the reference flow conversions that take place in any typical LCA software like openLCA or SimaPro. The tool was tested against several LCAs performed in openLCA and the tool generated identical results to those realized in openLCA across every impact category and inventory metric (where comparisons could be readily made).
Representativeness: The representativeness of the data is summarized as follows.
- Time related coverage of the manufacturing processes’ primary collected data from to .
- Upstream (background) LCI data was either the PCR specified default or more appropriate LCI datasets as found in the Canadian-adjusted ecoinvent v3.4 database, 2017.
- Geographical coverage for inputs required by the A3 facility(ies) is representative of its region of focus; other upstream and background processes are based on US, North American, or global average data and adjusted to regional electricity mixes when relevant.
- Technological coverage is typical or average – specific to the participating facilities for all primary data.
Environmental Indicators and Inventory Metrics
Per the PCR, this EPD supports the life cycle impact assessment indicators and inventory metrics as listed in the tables below. As specified in the PCR, the US EPA Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI), version 2.1, 2012 impact categories were utilized as they provide a North American context for the mandatory category indicators to be included in the EPD. Additionally, the PCR requires a set of inventory metrics to be reported with the LCIA indicators (see tables below).
Table 19: Life cycle impact categories and life cycle inventory metricsID | LCIA.indicators | Abbreviations | Units |
---|---|---|---|
1 | environmental impact: acidification | AP | moles of H+-Eq |
2 | environmental impact: eutrophication | EP | kg N |
3 | environmental impact: global warming | GWP | kg CO2-Eq |
4 | environmental impact: ozone depletion | ODP | kg CFC-11-Eq |
5 | environmental impact: photochemical oxidation | PCOP | kg NOx-Eq |
6 | Abiotic Depletion-elements | ADPe | kg Sbeq |
7 | Abiotic Depletion-fossil fuels | ADPf | kg Sbeq |
Inventory metrics | |||
8 | Total primary energy | TPE | MJ-Eq |
9 | Non-Renewable Resources | NRR | kg |
10 | Renewable energy | RE | MJ-Eq |
11 | land filling: bulk waste | LFW | kg waste |
12 | land filling: hazardous waste | LFHW | kg waste |
13 | water depletion: WDP | WDP | m3 |
14 | Concrete batching water consumption | CBWC | m3 |
15 | Concrete washing water consumption | CWWC | m3 |
16 | Concrete hazardous waste | CHW | kg |
17 | Concrete non-hazardous waste | CNHW | kg |
A summary description of each of the impact categories and inventory metrics is provided in the following table:
Table 20: Definitions of life cycle impact categories and life cycle inventory metricsMidpoint impact categories | |
Global Warming Potential (GWP) (units: kg CO2-eq) | Global Warming Potential or climate change can be defined as the change in global temperature caused by the greenhouse effect that the release of greenhouse gases by human activity creates. The Environmental Profiles characterization model is based on factors developed by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Factors are expressed as Global Warming Potential over the time horizon of different years, being the most common 100 years (GWP100), measured in the reference unit, kg CO2 equivalent. |
Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) (kg CFC-11-eq) | Ozone-depleting gases cause damage to stratospheric ozone or the ozone layer. CFCs, halons and HCFCs are the major causes of ozone depletion. The characterization model has been developed by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and defines the ozone depletion potential of different gases relative to the reference substance chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11), expressed in kg CFC-11 equivalent. |
Acidification Potential (AP) (kg SO2-eq) | Acidic gases such as Sulphur dioxide (SO2) react with water in the atmosphere to form acid rain, a process known as acid deposition. Acidification potential is expressed using the reference unit, kg SO2 equivalent. The model does not take account of regional differences in terms of which areas are more or less susceptible to acidification. It accounts only for acidification caused by SO2 and NOx. This includes acidification due to fertilizer use, according to the method developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). CML has based the characterization factor on the RAINS model developed by the University of Amsterdam. |
Eutrophication Potential (EP) (PO4 3- -eq) | Eutrophication is the build-up of a concentration of chemical nutrients in an ecosystem which leads to abnormal productivity. This causes excessive plant growth like algae in rivers which causes severe reductions in water quality and animal populations. This category is based on the work of Heijungs, and is expressed using the reference unit, kg PO4 3- equivalents. Direct and indirect impacts of fertilizers are included in the method. The direct impacts are from production of the fertilizers and the indirect ones are calculated using the IPCC method to estimate emissions to water causing eutrophication. |
Photochemical Ozone Creation/Smog Potential (POCP) (kg O3-eq) | Ozone is protective in the stratosphere, but on the ground-level, it is toxic to humans in high concentration. Photochemical ozone, also called ground-level ozone, is formed by the reaction of volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides in the presence of heat and sunlight. The impact category depends largely on the amounts of carbon monoxide (CO), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NO), ammonium and NMVOC (non-methane volatile organic compounds). Photochemical ozone creation potential (also known as summer smog) for emission of substances to air is calculated with the United Nations Economic Commission for 22 Europe (UNECE) trajectory model (including fate) and expressed using the reference unit, kg ethylene (C2H4) equivalent. |
Abiotic Depletion Potential (ADPel and ADPff) (kg Sb-eq) | The main concern of this category is the health of humans and the ecosystem and how it is affected by the extraction of minerals and fossil fuels, which are inputs into the system. For each extraction of minerals and fossil fuels, the abiotic depletion factor is determined. This indicator is on a global scale and is based on the concentration reserves and rate of deaccumulation. The results are presented in units of the reference element strontium (i.e. Sb). For the purposes of this EPD, this impact category is split between mineral elements (i.e. ADPel) and fossil fuels (i.e. ADPff). |
Inventory metrics | |
Depletion of non-renewable material resources (NRM) (kg) | This indicator covers the cumulative life cycle consumption of non-renewable resources that are extracted from the ground but not including energy resources like coal, oil and natural gas. This indicator includes the consumption of metallic ores, aggregates and other minerals. The units of measure are in terms of kilograms material extracted and utilzied/wasted in the life cycle system considered. |
Use of renewable material resources (RM) (kg) | This indicator covers the cumulative life cycle consumption of renewable resources that are extracted from nature like sustainably harvested biomass. The units of measure are in terms of kilograms material extracted and utilzied/wasted in the life cycle system considered. |
Depletion of non-renewable energy resources (NRE) (MJ HHV) | This indicator considers the cumulative life cycle consumption of non-renewable energy resources like oil, natural gas, and coal. The units of measure are in terms of Mega-Joules of energy resource extracted and utilzied/wasted in the life cycle system considered. |
Use of renewable primary energy (RE) (MJ HHV) | This indicator considers the cumulative life cycle extraction of renewable energy resources from nature like solar and wind energy as well as biomass for energy purposes. The units of measure are in terms of Mega-Joules of energy resource extracted and utilzied/wasted in the life cycle system considered. |
Total primary energy consumption (PEC) (MJ HHV) | This indicator is the summatation of non-renewable and renewable energy extracted from nature, where the units of measure are in terms of Mega-Joules of energy resource extracted/utilized/wasted in the life cycle system considered. |
Concrete batching water consumption (CBWC) (m3) | This indicator is defined as the direct water used in concrete mix batches. The units of measure are in cubic meters of water consumed. |
Concrete washing water consumption (CWWC) (m3) | This inidcator is defined as the direct washing water used at the facility. The units of measure are in cubic meters of wash water consumed. |
Total water consumption (TWC) (m3) | This indicator considers the cumulative life cycle consumption of water required to produced the declared functional unit of a given product. The units of measure are in cubic meters of water consumed. |
Concrete hazardous waste (CHW) (kg) | This indicator considers the amount of hazardous waste waste generated at the concrete facility. The units of measure are in kilograms of waste generated. |
Concrete non-hazardous waste (CNHW) (kg) | This indicator considers the direct amount of non-hazardous waste generated at the concrete facility. The units of measure are in kilograms of waste generated. |
It should be noted that emerging LCA impact categories and inventory items are still under development and can have high levels of uncertainty that preclude international acceptance pending further development. Use caution when interpreting data in the following categories.
- Renewable primary energy resources as energy (fuel);
- Renewable primary resources as material;
- Non-renewable primary resources as energy (fuel);
- Non-renewable primary resources as material;
- Secondary Materials;
- Renewable secondary fuels;
- Non-renewable secondary fuels;
- Recovered energy;
- Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil mineral resources.
- Land use related impacts, for example on biodiversity and/or soil fertility;
- Toxicological aspects;
- Emissions from land use change [GWP 100 (land-use change)];
- Hazardous waste disposed;
- Non-hazardous waste disposed;
- High-level radioactive waste;
- Intermediate and low-level radioactive waste;
- Components for reuse;
- Materials for recycling;
- Materials for energy recovery;
- Recovered energy exported from the product system.
Total impact summary
The following table reports the total LCA results for each product produced at the given concrete plant on a per cubic meter of ready mixed concrete basis. This EPD was created using industry-average data for upstream materials.
Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa
Table 21: Total life cycle (A1 to A3) impact results for 28d Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa, assuming the geometric mean point values on a per m3 concrete mixIndicator/LCI Metric | AP | EP | GWP | ODP | PCOP | ADPe | ADPf | LFW | LFHW | TPE | RE | NRE | WDP | NRR | RR | CBWC | CWWC | CHW | CNHW |
Unit | moles of H+-Eq | kg N | kg CO2-Eq | kg CFC-11-Eq | kg NOx-Eq | kg Sbeq | kg Sbeq | kg waste | kg waste | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | m3 | kg | kg | m3 | m3 | kg | kg |
Minimum | 3.83 | 0.0647 | 136 | 7.21e-06 | 0.46 | 0.13 | 0.45 | 4.06 | 0.017 | 1190 | 142 | 1050 | 470 | 1700 | 0.00196 | 63.3 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Maximum | 6.31 | 0.0785 | 166 | 9.16e-06 | 0.562 | 0.176 | 0.582 | 5.9 | 0.0206 | 1560 | 174 | 1380 | 567 | 2080 | 0.0029 | 76.7 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mean | 5.04 | 0.0719 | 152 | 8.18e-06 | 0.516 | 0.153 | 0.517 | 4.93 | 0.0188 | 1380 | 159 | 1220 | 523 | 1860 | 0.00243 | 70 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Median | 5.03 | 0.0716 | 152 | 8.15e-06 | 0.517 | 0.153 | 0.522 | 4.9 | 0.0188 | 1380 | 159 | 1220 | 527 | 1860 | 0.00241 | 70 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix1-76086 | 3.9 | 0.0647 | 136 | 7.21e-06 | 0.46 | 0.13 | 0.45 | 4.06 | 0.017 | 1190 | 142 | 1050 | 470 | 1740 | 0.00196 | 63.3 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix2-31669 | 6.09 | 0.0678 | 145 | 7.9e-06 | 0.499 | 0.169 | 0.535 | 5.66 | 0.0173 | 1460 | 156 | 1300 | 489 | 1970 | 0.00282 | 63.7 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix3-65123 | 5.3 | 0.0664 | 141 | 7.69e-06 | 0.478 | 0.142 | 0.467 | 5.05 | 0.0173 | 1250 | 149 | 1100 | 474 | 1860 | 0.00243 | 64 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix4-39296 | 4.8 | 0.0669 | 141 | 7.58e-06 | 0.483 | 0.149 | 0.494 | 4.75 | 0.0173 | 1330 | 150 | 1180 | 485 | 1890 | 0.00233 | 64.3 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix5-91739 | 4.8 | 0.0674 | 143 | 7.6e-06 | 0.49 | 0.159 | 0.526 | 4.75 | 0.0174 | 1410 | 152 | 1260 | 496 | 1830 | 0.00239 | 64.6 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix6-71640 | 5.45 | 0.0682 | 144 | 7.84e-06 | 0.494 | 0.156 | 0.504 | 5.22 | 0.0175 | 1360 | 154 | 1210 | 489 | 1980 | 0.00256 | 65 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix7-13660 | 6.15 | 0.0693 | 148 | 8.07e-06 | 0.509 | 0.171 | 0.542 | 5.72 | 0.0177 | 1480 | 159 | 1320 | 500 | 1990 | 0.00285 | 65.3 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix8-68573 | 5.07 | 0.0678 | 143 | 7.78e-06 | 0.485 | 0.142 | 0.472 | 4.91 | 0.0177 | 1260 | 151 | 1110 | 485 | 1870 | 0.00237 | 65.6 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix9-26937 | 6.06 | 0.0685 | 146 | 8.09e-06 | 0.495 | 0.149 | 0.482 | 5.57 | 0.0178 | 1300 | 154 | 1140 | 488 | 1840 | 0.00269 | 65.9 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix10-33491 | 3.98 | 0.0674 | 141 | 7.51e-06 | 0.477 | 0.133 | 0.464 | 4.14 | 0.0177 | 1220 | 147 | 1070 | 490 | 1760 | 0.002 | 66.3 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix11-79183 | 4.38 | 0.0686 | 145 | 7.67e-06 | 0.491 | 0.147 | 0.5 | 4.47 | 0.0179 | 1330 | 152 | 1180 | 501 | 1860 | 0.0022 | 66.6 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix12-35624 | 5.01 | 0.069 | 145 | 7.89e-06 | 0.493 | 0.143 | 0.477 | 4.89 | 0.018 | 1270 | 153 | 1120 | 494 | 1910 | 0.00236 | 66.9 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix13-16714 | 4.53 | 0.0685 | 145 | 7.76e-06 | 0.488 | 0.138 | 0.473 | 4.52 | 0.018 | 1250 | 150 | 1100 | 497 | 1760 | 0.00219 | 67.2 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix14-65059 | 5.94 | 0.0709 | 152 | 8.22e-06 | 0.518 | 0.17 | 0.55 | 5.57 | 0.0183 | 1490 | 161 | 1320 | 516 | 1920 | 0.00279 | 67.6 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix15-73046 | 4.12 | 0.0691 | 145 | 7.71e-06 | 0.489 | 0.136 | 0.473 | 4.26 | 0.0182 | 1250 | 151 | 1090 | 501 | 1830 | 0.00206 | 67.9 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix16-71062 | 5.66 | 0.0715 | 152 | 8.2e-06 | 0.521 | 0.169 | 0.55 | 5.4 | 0.0184 | 1490 | 162 | 1320 | 520 | 1960 | 0.0027 | 68.2 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix17-85256 | 5.04 | 0.0709 | 150 | 8.05e-06 | 0.51 | 0.154 | 0.515 | 4.95 | 0.0184 | 1380 | 158 | 1220 | 514 | 1930 | 0.00244 | 68.5 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix18-24803 | 4.18 | 0.0706 | 150 | 7.81e-06 | 0.508 | 0.156 | 0.538 | 4.34 | 0.0185 | 1430 | 156 | 1270 | 525 | 1780 | 0.0022 | 68.9 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix19-14288 | 5.34 | 0.0709 | 150 | 8.19e-06 | 0.508 | 0.146 | 0.489 | 5.11 | 0.0186 | 1300 | 157 | 1140 | 510 | 1850 | 0.00247 | 69.2 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix20-84425 | 4.1 | 0.0713 | 151 | 7.85e-06 | 0.512 | 0.157 | 0.541 | 4.31 | 0.0186 | 1440 | 158 | 1280 | 529 | 1830 | 0.00218 | 69.5 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix21-96934 | 4.52 | 0.0715 | 152 | 8e-06 | 0.516 | 0.159 | 0.545 | 4.57 | 0.0187 | 1450 | 159 | 1290 | 532 | 1760 | 0.00232 | 69.8 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix22-79000 | 4.52 | 0.0717 | 152 | 8.04e-06 | 0.513 | 0.15 | 0.517 | 4.58 | 0.0188 | 1370 | 158 | 1210 | 525 | 1840 | 0.00227 | 70.2 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix23-31023 | 5.63 | 0.0732 | 156 | 8.4e-06 | 0.532 | 0.169 | 0.559 | 5.38 | 0.019 | 1500 | 165 | 1340 | 536 | 1900 | 0.0027 | 70.5 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix24-78910 | 4.89 | 0.0727 | 155 | 8.2e-06 | 0.525 | 0.163 | 0.553 | 4.84 | 0.019 | 1470 | 161 | 1310 | 538 | 1780 | 0.00245 | 70.8 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix25-13095 | 5.96 | 0.0738 | 158 | 8.55e-06 | 0.538 | 0.172 | 0.565 | 5.59 | 0.0192 | 1520 | 166 | 1350 | 540 | 1870 | 0.00281 | 71.1 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix26-41881 | 4.19 | 0.0722 | 152 | 8.06e-06 | 0.511 | 0.139 | 0.489 | 4.34 | 0.0191 | 1280 | 157 | 1130 | 526 | 1840 | 0.0021 | 71.5 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix27-74909 | 6.1 | 0.0736 | 157 | 8.65e-06 | 0.529 | 0.153 | 0.508 | 5.64 | 0.0193 | 1350 | 163 | 1190 | 528 | 1850 | 0.00273 | 71.8 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix28-64759 | 5.57 | 0.0742 | 158 | 8.53e-06 | 0.534 | 0.16 | 0.535 | 5.32 | 0.0194 | 1430 | 165 | 1260 | 539 | 1900 | 0.00262 | 72.1 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix29-23726 | 4.03 | 0.0732 | 154 | 8.1e-06 | 0.52 | 0.148 | 0.522 | 4.24 | 0.0194 | 1370 | 159 | 1210 | 541 | 1780 | 0.00211 | 72.4 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix30-22160 | 6.18 | 0.0758 | 162 | 8.78e-06 | 0.552 | 0.176 | 0.575 | 5.79 | 0.0197 | 1550 | 171 | 1380 | 552 | 1990 | 0.0029 | 72.8 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix31-82046 | 4.13 | 0.0736 | 156 | 8.19e-06 | 0.524 | 0.148 | 0.525 | 4.29 | 0.0195 | 1380 | 160 | 1220 | 545 | 1720 | 0.00214 | 73.1 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix32-50745 | 4.74 | 0.075 | 158 | 8.42e-06 | 0.535 | 0.155 | 0.534 | 4.78 | 0.0197 | 1410 | 165 | 1250 | 548 | 1930 | 0.00236 | 73.4 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix33-97834 | 4.11 | 0.0741 | 156 | 8.25e-06 | 0.522 | 0.139 | 0.498 | 4.29 | 0.0197 | 1300 | 160 | 1140 | 542 | 1810 | 0.00208 | 73.7 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix34-85858 | 4.64 | 0.0747 | 159 | 8.43e-06 | 0.533 | 0.152 | 0.534 | 4.64 | 0.0198 | 1400 | 163 | 1240 | 552 | 1710 | 0.00231 | 74.1 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix35-42283 | 5.45 | 0.0755 | 160 | 8.71e-06 | 0.538 | 0.15 | 0.513 | 5.21 | 0.02 | 1350 | 165 | 1190 | 546 | 1840 | 0.00253 | 74.4 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix36-49770 | 3.83 | 0.0745 | 157 | 8.25e-06 | 0.524 | 0.137 | 0.499 | 4.07 | 0.0199 | 1300 | 159 | 1130 | 548 | 1720 | 0.00199 | 74.7 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix37-71541 | 5.91 | 0.0774 | 165 | 8.91e-06 | 0.561 | 0.174 | 0.582 | 5.6 | 0.0202 | 1560 | 173 | 1380 | 567 | 1920 | 0.00281 | 75 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix38-74500 | 5.31 | 0.0768 | 163 | 8.76e-06 | 0.55 | 0.16 | 0.547 | 5.16 | 0.0202 | 1450 | 169 | 1280 | 561 | 1870 | 0.00255 | 75.4 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix39-92949 | 3.97 | 0.0753 | 159 | 8.38e-06 | 0.53 | 0.138 | 0.504 | 4.17 | 0.0202 | 1310 | 161 | 1150 | 555 | 1700 | 0.00204 | 75.7 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix40-78982 | 5.59 | 0.0772 | 164 | 8.91e-06 | 0.551 | 0.153 | 0.522 | 5.35 | 0.0204 | 1380 | 169 | 1210 | 557 | 1920 | 0.00259 | 76 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix41-68217 | 6.31 | 0.0785 | 166 | 9.16e-06 | 0.562 | 0.16 | 0.532 | 5.9 | 0.0205 | 1420 | 174 | 1240 | 559 | 2080 | 0.00284 | 76.3 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix42-99865 | 6.06 | 0.0784 | 166 | 9.12e-06 | 0.561 | 0.158 | 0.53 | 5.71 | 0.0206 | 1410 | 173 | 1230 | 562 | 2030 | 0.00276 | 76.7 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa
Table 22: Total life cycle (A1 to A3) impact results for 28d Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa, assuming the geometric mean point values on a per m3 concrete mixIndicator/LCI Metric | AP | EP | GWP | ODP | PCOP | ADPe | ADPf | LFW | LFHW | TPE | RE | NRE | WDP | NRR | RR | CBWC | CWWC | CHW | CNHW |
Unit | moles of H+-Eq | kg N | kg CO2-Eq | kg CFC-11-Eq | kg NOx-Eq | kg Sbeq | kg Sbeq | kg waste | kg waste | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | m3 | kg | kg | m3 | m3 | kg | kg |
Minimum | 3.92 | 0.077 | 163 | 8.5e-06 | 0.543 | 0.142 | 0.514 | 4.21 | 0.0205 | 1340 | 165 | 1170 | 566 | 1690 | 0.00207 | 77 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Maximum | 6.1 | 0.0899 | 191 | 1.03e-05 | 0.639 | 0.18 | 0.631 | 5.8 | 0.0241 | 1660 | 194 | 1470 | 664 | 2050 | 0.00282 | 90.3 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mean | 4.98 | 0.0837 | 177 | 9.44e-06 | 0.594 | 0.161 | 0.575 | 4.98 | 0.0223 | 1500 | 181 | 1320 | 617 | 1880 | 0.00247 | 83.7 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Median | 5.03 | 0.0838 | 178 | 9.42e-06 | 0.595 | 0.162 | 0.577 | 5.03 | 0.0224 | 1510 | 180 | 1320 | 622 | 1880 | 0.00251 | 83.6 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix43-82290 | 3.92 | 0.0773 | 163 | 8.5e-06 | 0.547 | 0.15 | 0.541 | 4.21 | 0.0205 | 1410 | 167 | 1250 | 572 | 1850 | 0.0021 | 77 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix44-47009 | 4.34 | 0.077 | 163 | 8.64e-06 | 0.543 | 0.142 | 0.514 | 4.43 | 0.0206 | 1340 | 165 | 1170 | 566 | 1710 | 0.00217 | 77.3 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix45-60754 | 4.3 | 0.0777 | 165 | 8.66e-06 | 0.551 | 0.152 | 0.546 | 4.43 | 0.0207 | 1430 | 168 | 1260 | 577 | 1720 | 0.00222 | 77.7 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix46-91275 | 5.02 | 0.079 | 168 | 8.91e-06 | 0.568 | 0.168 | 0.585 | 4.98 | 0.0209 | 1550 | 173 | 1370 | 588 | 1810 | 0.00252 | 78 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix47-12554 | 4.01 | 0.078 | 164 | 8.65e-06 | 0.548 | 0.142 | 0.517 | 4.25 | 0.0208 | 1340 | 167 | 1170 | 573 | 1820 | 0.00207 | 78.3 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix48-10932 | 3.93 | 0.0789 | 167 | 8.65e-06 | 0.561 | 0.161 | 0.578 | 4.23 | 0.021 | 1510 | 171 | 1340 | 592 | 1780 | 0.00216 | 78.6 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix49-72055 | 5.78 | 0.0806 | 171 | 9.24e-06 | 0.578 | 0.167 | 0.568 | 5.55 | 0.0212 | 1510 | 177 | 1330 | 586 | 2010 | 0.00274 | 79 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix50-29095 | 4.04 | 0.0788 | 167 | 8.73e-06 | 0.557 | 0.151 | 0.55 | 4.25 | 0.0211 | 1430 | 169 | 1260 | 588 | 1690 | 0.00214 | 79.3 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix51-82569 | 4.45 | 0.0794 | 168 | 8.88e-06 | 0.563 | 0.154 | 0.556 | 4.55 | 0.0212 | 1450 | 171 | 1280 | 590 | 1710 | 0.00227 | 79.6 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix52-33403 | 4.25 | 0.0795 | 167 | 8.87e-06 | 0.559 | 0.144 | 0.526 | 4.42 | 0.0213 | 1360 | 170 | 1190 | 584 | 1810 | 0.00216 | 79.9 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix53-46201 | 5.95 | 0.0816 | 173 | 9.42e-06 | 0.581 | 0.16 | 0.545 | 5.67 | 0.0215 | 1440 | 178 | 1260 | 586 | 2050 | 0.00274 | 80.3 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix54-88603 | 4.61 | 0.0813 | 172 | 9.04e-06 | 0.58 | 0.168 | 0.594 | 4.74 | 0.0215 | 1560 | 177 | 1380 | 605 | 1880 | 0.00241 | 80.6 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix55-74909 | 5.48 | 0.0811 | 172 | 9.32e-06 | 0.576 | 0.154 | 0.541 | 5.28 | 0.0216 | 1420 | 175 | 1240 | 591 | 1830 | 0.00257 | 80.9 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix56-96010 | 5.87 | 0.0821 | 175 | 9.47e-06 | 0.588 | 0.167 | 0.577 | 5.58 | 0.0218 | 1520 | 180 | 1340 | 602 | 1870 | 0.00277 | 81.2 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix57-79359 | 4.66 | 0.0823 | 174 | 9.15e-06 | 0.587 | 0.17 | 0.599 | 4.79 | 0.0218 | 1580 | 179 | 1390 | 612 | 1930 | 0.00243 | 81.6 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix58-31652 | 5.46 | 0.0829 | 177 | 9.41e-06 | 0.596 | 0.175 | 0.607 | 5.33 | 0.0219 | 1600 | 182 | 1420 | 614 | 1890 | 0.0027 | 81.9 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix59-53304 | 5.38 | 0.0825 | 175 | 9.42e-06 | 0.584 | 0.155 | 0.547 | 5.25 | 0.022 | 1430 | 178 | 1250 | 600 | 1930 | 0.00255 | 82.2 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix60-88369 | 4.64 | 0.0819 | 173 | 9.22e-06 | 0.577 | 0.148 | 0.54 | 4.7 | 0.022 | 1400 | 175 | 1220 | 602 | 1780 | 0.0023 | 82.5 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix61-96498 | 4.64 | 0.0829 | 176 | 9.25e-06 | 0.592 | 0.168 | 0.603 | 4.74 | 0.0221 | 1580 | 180 | 1400 | 621 | 1770 | 0.00242 | 82.9 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix62-89680 | 4.26 | 0.0831 | 176 | 9.17e-06 | 0.591 | 0.166 | 0.601 | 4.49 | 0.0222 | 1570 | 179 | 1390 | 623 | 1800 | 0.00229 | 83.2 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix63-11831 | 4.84 | 0.0839 | 178 | 9.38e-06 | 0.599 | 0.171 | 0.608 | 4.91 | 0.0223 | 1600 | 182 | 1410 | 626 | 1870 | 0.0025 | 83.5 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix64-43745 | 5.45 | 0.0847 | 179 | 9.6e-06 | 0.603 | 0.168 | 0.586 | 5.36 | 0.0224 | 1540 | 184 | 1360 | 619 | 2020 | 0.00265 | 83.8 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix65-37224 | 4 | 0.0837 | 176 | 9.19e-06 | 0.589 | 0.156 | 0.573 | 4.32 | 0.0224 | 1490 | 179 | 1310 | 622 | 1870 | 0.00216 | 84.2 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix66-30529 | 5.03 | 0.0848 | 179 | 9.53e-06 | 0.601 | 0.164 | 0.585 | 5.05 | 0.0226 | 1530 | 183 | 1350 | 624 | 1950 | 0.00251 | 84.5 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix67-98565 | 5.49 | 0.085 | 181 | 9.69e-06 | 0.605 | 0.167 | 0.589 | 5.34 | 0.0227 | 1540 | 184 | 1360 | 626 | 1860 | 0.00266 | 84.8 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix68-91033 | 5.14 | 0.0851 | 181 | 9.62e-06 | 0.604 | 0.165 | 0.588 | 5.11 | 0.0227 | 1540 | 184 | 1350 | 628 | 1860 | 0.00254 | 85.1 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix69-61669 | 4.99 | 0.0851 | 180 | 9.61e-06 | 0.599 | 0.154 | 0.558 | 5.01 | 0.0228 | 1450 | 182 | 1270 | 622 | 1930 | 0.00244 | 85.5 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix70-63241 | 4.91 | 0.0849 | 180 | 9.61e-06 | 0.598 | 0.152 | 0.557 | 4.9 | 0.0229 | 1440 | 181 | 1260 | 624 | 1780 | 0.0024 | 85.8 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix71-22917 | 4.07 | 0.085 | 179 | 9.4e-06 | 0.594 | 0.148 | 0.552 | 4.36 | 0.0229 | 1420 | 180 | 1240 | 627 | 1880 | 0.00213 | 86.1 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix72-19833 | 6.07 | 0.0866 | 184 | 1e-05 | 0.614 | 0.163 | 0.571 | 5.74 | 0.0231 | 1500 | 187 | 1310 | 629 | 1920 | 0.0028 | 86.4 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix73-65219 | 5.77 | 0.087 | 185 | 9.96e-06 | 0.62 | 0.17 | 0.601 | 5.55 | 0.0232 | 1570 | 188 | 1380 | 640 | 1900 | 0.00276 | 86.8 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix74-69583 | 5.59 | 0.0877 | 187 | 9.94e-06 | 0.627 | 0.18 | 0.631 | 5.47 | 0.0233 | 1660 | 191 | 1470 | 650 | 1930 | 0.00276 | 87.1 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix75-17648 | 5.19 | 0.0868 | 184 | 9.85e-06 | 0.611 | 0.156 | 0.567 | 5.13 | 0.0233 | 1470 | 185 | 1290 | 636 | 1880 | 0.00251 | 87.4 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix76-90047 | 6.1 | 0.0879 | 187 | 1.02e-05 | 0.624 | 0.165 | 0.578 | 5.8 | 0.0235 | 1510 | 190 | 1320 | 638 | 1990 | 0.00282 | 87.7 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix77-69136 | 5.53 | 0.0879 | 186 | 1e-05 | 0.62 | 0.161 | 0.574 | 5.41 | 0.0235 | 1500 | 189 | 1310 | 640 | 1990 | 0.00264 | 88.1 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix78-78370 | 4.4 | 0.0882 | 186 | 9.71e-06 | 0.624 | 0.172 | 0.626 | 4.66 | 0.0235 | 1630 | 189 | 1440 | 659 | 1930 | 0.00238 | 88.4 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix79-63685 | 5.4 | 0.0885 | 187 | 1e-05 | 0.623 | 0.161 | 0.576 | 5.33 | 0.0237 | 1500 | 189 | 1310 | 645 | 2010 | 0.0026 | 88.7 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix80-19949 | 5.76 | 0.0895 | 190 | 1.02e-05 | 0.636 | 0.174 | 0.612 | 5.61 | 0.0238 | 1600 | 194 | 1410 | 655 | 2050 | 0.00278 | 89 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix81-92603 | 4.36 | 0.0879 | 186 | 9.77e-06 | 0.619 | 0.16 | 0.597 | 4.55 | 0.0238 | 1540 | 186 | 1350 | 658 | 1730 | 0.00229 | 89.4 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix82-78830 | 5.81 | 0.0899 | 191 | 1.03e-05 | 0.639 | 0.174 | 0.615 | 5.64 | 0.024 | 1610 | 194 | 1410 | 660 | 2000 | 0.0028 | 89.7 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix83-58311 | 5.06 | 0.089 | 188 | 1.01e-05 | 0.625 | 0.157 | 0.577 | 5.07 | 0.024 | 1490 | 189 | 1300 | 654 | 1880 | 0.00248 | 90 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix84-46959 | 5.15 | 0.0899 | 190 | 1.01e-05 | 0.636 | 0.169 | 0.611 | 5.17 | 0.0241 | 1590 | 193 | 1400 | 664 | 1940 | 0.00258 | 90.3 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa
Table 23: Total life cycle (A1 to A3) impact results for 28d Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa, assuming the geometric mean point values on a per m3 concrete mixIndicator/LCI Metric | AP | EP | GWP | ODP | PCOP | ADPe | ADPf | LFW | LFHW | TPE | RE | NRE | WDP | NRR | RR | CBWC | CWWC | CHW | CNHW |
Unit | moles of H+-Eq | kg N | kg CO2-Eq | kg CFC-11-Eq | kg NOx-Eq | kg Sbeq | kg Sbeq | kg waste | kg waste | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | m3 | kg | kg | m3 | m3 | kg | kg |
Minimum | 4.24 | 0.0886 | 187 | 9.87e-06 | 0.619 | 0.15 | 0.572 | 4.48 | 0.0241 | 1460 | 186 | 1280 | 658 | 1730 | 0.00221 | 90.7 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Maximum | 6.67 | 0.102 | 218 | 1.17e-05 | 0.728 | 0.199 | 0.71 | 6.35 | 0.0276 | 1850 | 220 | 1630 | 762 | 2110 | 0.0032 | 104 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mean | 5.32 | 0.0959 | 204 | 1.08e-05 | 0.676 | 0.174 | 0.643 | 5.32 | 0.0259 | 1660 | 204 | 1460 | 712 | 1940 | 0.00266 | 97.2 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Median | 5.32 | 0.0956 | 202 | 1.07e-05 | 0.675 | 0.175 | 0.643 | 5.31 | 0.0259 | 1660 | 203 | 1460 | 712 | 1940 | 0.00267 | 97.2 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix85-80598 | 4.27 | 0.0886 | 187 | 9.87e-06 | 0.619 | 0.15 | 0.572 | 4.48 | 0.0241 | 1460 | 186 | 1280 | 658 | 1750 | 0.00221 | 90.7 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix86-12257 | 5.74 | 0.0911 | 193 | 1.04e-05 | 0.646 | 0.175 | 0.62 | 5.61 | 0.0243 | 1620 | 196 | 1420 | 669 | 2030 | 0.00278 | 91 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix87-65007 | 4.51 | 0.0901 | 191 | 1e-05 | 0.634 | 0.164 | 0.609 | 4.71 | 0.0243 | 1570 | 191 | 1380 | 671 | 1870 | 0.00236 | 91.3 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix88-23555 | 6.1 | 0.0913 | 194 | 1.05e-05 | 0.646 | 0.167 | 0.595 | 5.82 | 0.0245 | 1550 | 196 | 1350 | 665 | 1980 | 0.00284 | 91.7 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix89-71131 | 5.5 | 0.0909 | 193 | 1.04e-05 | 0.64 | 0.161 | 0.59 | 5.37 | 0.0245 | 1530 | 193 | 1330 | 667 | 1870 | 0.00263 | 92 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix90-16941 | 4.58 | 0.0907 | 192 | 1.01e-05 | 0.638 | 0.164 | 0.613 | 4.74 | 0.0245 | 1580 | 192 | 1380 | 678 | 1780 | 0.00238 | 92.3 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix91-46324 | 4.26 | 0.0914 | 194 | 1.01e-05 | 0.645 | 0.172 | 0.642 | 4.56 | 0.0246 | 1660 | 194 | 1460 | 688 | 1830 | 0.00234 | 92.6 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix92-16631 | 4.74 | 0.0911 | 193 | 1.02e-05 | 0.637 | 0.156 | 0.586 | 4.83 | 0.0247 | 1500 | 192 | 1310 | 674 | 1800 | 0.00238 | 93 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix93-14846 | 5.19 | 0.0931 | 198 | 1.04e-05 | 0.661 | 0.182 | 0.656 | 5.27 | 0.0249 | 1710 | 200 | 1510 | 693 | 2020 | 0.00267 | 93.3 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix94-60017 | 5.69 | 0.0933 | 198 | 1.06e-05 | 0.661 | 0.176 | 0.631 | 5.59 | 0.025 | 1640 | 200 | 1440 | 687 | 2020 | 0.00278 | 93.6 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix95-29503 | 4.58 | 0.0926 | 197 | 1.03e-05 | 0.655 | 0.175 | 0.65 | 4.77 | 0.025 | 1680 | 197 | 1480 | 697 | 1790 | 0.00245 | 93.9 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix96-22425 | 5.99 | 0.0942 | 200 | 1.07e-05 | 0.668 | 0.179 | 0.637 | 5.81 | 0.0252 | 1660 | 203 | 1460 | 691 | 2060 | 0.00288 | 94.3 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix97-29763 | 5.14 | 0.0936 | 199 | 1.05e-05 | 0.664 | 0.18 | 0.659 | 5.18 | 0.0252 | 1710 | 200 | 1510 | 702 | 1830 | 0.00264 | 94.6 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix98-31269 | 4.39 | 0.0938 | 198 | 1.03e-05 | 0.662 | 0.176 | 0.654 | 4.7 | 0.0252 | 1690 | 200 | 1490 | 704 | 1940 | 0.0024 | 94.9 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix99-78245 | 6.2 | 0.095 | 202 | 1.09e-05 | 0.675 | 0.181 | 0.643 | 5.95 | 0.0254 | 1680 | 204 | 1470 | 698 | 2030 | 0.00296 | 95.2 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix100-50679 | 6.16 | 0.0955 | 203 | 1.09e-05 | 0.677 | 0.181 | 0.644 | 5.94 | 0.0255 | 1680 | 205 | 1480 | 700 | 2090 | 0.00295 | 95.6 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix101-74048 | 4.81 | 0.0936 | 198 | 1.05e-05 | 0.654 | 0.158 | 0.599 | 4.89 | 0.0255 | 1530 | 196 | 1340 | 694 | 1780 | 0.00242 | 95.9 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix102-78143 | 5.32 | 0.0944 | 200 | 1.07e-05 | 0.662 | 0.163 | 0.606 | 5.28 | 0.0256 | 1560 | 199 | 1360 | 696 | 1850 | 0.00259 | 96.2 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix103-53056 | 4.76 | 0.0951 | 202 | 1.06e-05 | 0.672 | 0.178 | 0.664 | 4.92 | 0.0257 | 1710 | 202 | 1510 | 715 | 1830 | 0.00252 | 96.5 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix104-31107 | 4.66 | 0.0957 | 203 | 1.06e-05 | 0.675 | 0.179 | 0.665 | 4.89 | 0.0257 | 1720 | 203 | 1520 | 718 | 1930 | 0.0025 | 96.9 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix105-70038 | 6.53 | 0.0972 | 208 | 1.12e-05 | 0.695 | 0.194 | 0.684 | 6.19 | 0.026 | 1790 | 210 | 1580 | 720 | 2000 | 0.00313 | 97.2 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix106-28279 | 4.66 | 0.0953 | 201 | 1.06e-05 | 0.665 | 0.159 | 0.606 | 4.84 | 0.0259 | 1550 | 200 | 1350 | 705 | 1900 | 0.00238 | 97.5 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix107-46842 | 5.69 | 0.0962 | 204 | 1.1e-05 | 0.676 | 0.167 | 0.617 | 5.56 | 0.026 | 1590 | 204 | 1390 | 707 | 1920 | 0.00273 | 97.8 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix108-32400 | 5.23 | 0.0973 | 207 | 1.09e-05 | 0.689 | 0.185 | 0.677 | 5.31 | 0.0261 | 1760 | 208 | 1550 | 727 | 2000 | 0.0027 | 98.2 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix109-33549 | 4.24 | 0.096 | 202 | 1.06e-05 | 0.667 | 0.157 | 0.607 | 4.56 | 0.0261 | 1550 | 200 | 1340 | 712 | 1920 | 0.00225 | 98.5 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix110-45734 | 4.25 | 0.0956 | 202 | 1.06e-05 | 0.665 | 0.155 | 0.607 | 4.51 | 0.0262 | 1540 | 199 | 1340 | 714 | 1730 | 0.00224 | 98.8 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix111-72119 | 6.47 | 0.0992 | 212 | 1.13e-05 | 0.707 | 0.196 | 0.693 | 6.2 | 0.0265 | 1810 | 214 | 1600 | 733 | 2090 | 0.00313 | 99.1 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix112-29068 | 5.63 | 0.0985 | 209 | 1.11e-05 | 0.694 | 0.18 | 0.656 | 5.6 | 0.0265 | 1700 | 210 | 1490 | 727 | 2060 | 0.00279 | 99.5 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix113-63427 | 4.35 | 0.0976 | 206 | 1.08e-05 | 0.682 | 0.169 | 0.644 | 4.67 | 0.0265 | 1650 | 205 | 1440 | 729 | 1920 | 0.00235 | 99.8 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix114-49705 | 5.91 | 0.0992 | 212 | 1.12e-05 | 0.705 | 0.19 | 0.691 | 5.77 | 0.0267 | 1800 | 212 | 1580 | 740 | 1940 | 0.00293 | 100 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix115-61069 | 5.54 | 0.0983 | 209 | 1.12e-05 | 0.689 | 0.167 | 0.627 | 5.46 | 0.0267 | 1610 | 207 | 1400 | 725 | 1900 | 0.00269 | 100 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix116-34175 | 6.67 | 0.101 | 215 | 1.15e-05 | 0.719 | 0.198 | 0.702 | 6.35 | 0.0269 | 1840 | 218 | 1620 | 744 | 2110 | 0.0032 | 101 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix117-57720 | 6.21 | 0.0999 | 212 | 1.14e-05 | 0.703 | 0.175 | 0.638 | 5.99 | 0.0269 | 1650 | 212 | 1430 | 730 | 2070 | 0.00293 | 101 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix118-80065 | 4.55 | 0.0996 | 211 | 1.1e-05 | 0.701 | 0.182 | 0.684 | 4.85 | 0.0269 | 1760 | 210 | 1550 | 749 | 1960 | 0.00249 | 101 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix119-59964 | 4.68 | 0.0986 | 209 | 1.1e-05 | 0.687 | 0.16 | 0.624 | 4.84 | 0.027 | 1580 | 205 | 1380 | 734 | 1780 | 0.0024 | 102 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix120-76721 | 5.58 | 0.101 | 213 | 1.13e-05 | 0.708 | 0.18 | 0.666 | 5.55 | 0.0271 | 1720 | 213 | 1500 | 745 | 2010 | 0.00278 | 102 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix121-94440 | 5.59 | 0.101 | 213 | 1.14e-05 | 0.704 | 0.171 | 0.638 | 5.57 | 0.0272 | 1640 | 212 | 1430 | 739 | 2070 | 0.00273 | 102 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix122-82311 | 6.6 | 0.102 | 218 | 1.17e-05 | 0.728 | 0.199 | 0.71 | 6.3 | 0.0274 | 1850 | 220 | 1630 | 758 | 2060 | 0.00319 | 103 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix123-65012 | 6.12 | 0.102 | 216 | 1.16e-05 | 0.719 | 0.185 | 0.676 | 5.95 | 0.0274 | 1750 | 217 | 1530 | 752 | 2050 | 0.00297 | 103 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix124-10817 | 6.16 | 0.102 | 218 | 1.16e-05 | 0.726 | 0.194 | 0.707 | 5.97 | 0.0276 | 1840 | 218 | 1620 | 762 | 1940 | 0.00303 | 103 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix125-46890 | 4.71 | 0.101 | 214 | 1.12e-05 | 0.708 | 0.174 | 0.665 | 4.96 | 0.0275 | 1700 | 212 | 1490 | 756 | 1950 | 0.00249 | 104 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa
Table 24: Total life cycle (A1 to A3) impact results for 28d Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa, assuming the geometric mean point values on a per m3 concrete mixIndicator/LCI Metric | AP | EP | GWP | ODP | PCOP | ADPe | ADPf | LFW | LFHW | TPE | RE | NRE | WDP | NRR | RR | CBWC | CWWC | CHW | CNHW |
Unit | moles of H+-Eq | kg N | kg CO2-Eq | kg CFC-11-Eq | kg NOx-Eq | kg Sbeq | kg Sbeq | kg waste | kg waste | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | m3 | kg | kg | m3 | m3 | kg | kg |
Minimum | 4.51 | 0.102 | 217 | 1.14e-05 | 0.714 | 0.164 | 0.643 | 4.8 | 0.0278 | 1630 | 213 | 1410 | 752 | 1840 | 0.00237 | 104 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Maximum | 6.83 | 0.114 | 242 | 1.29e-05 | 0.803 | 0.209 | 0.766 | 6.57 | 0.031 | 1980 | 241 | 1740 | 850 | 2170 | 0.00333 | 117 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mean | 5.57 | 0.108 | 229 | 1.21e-05 | 0.757 | 0.185 | 0.704 | 5.6 | 0.0294 | 1800 | 226 | 1570 | 805 | 1990 | 0.00281 | 111 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Median | 5.51 | 0.108 | 228 | 1.19e-05 | 0.752 | 0.185 | 0.704 | 5.54 | 0.0294 | 1800 | 225 | 1580 | 804 | 2000 | 0.0028 | 111 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix126-85617 | 6.72 | 0.103 | 221 | 1.19e-05 | 0.737 | 0.2 | 0.716 | 6.39 | 0.0278 | 1870 | 222 | 1640 | 767 | 2060 | 0.00323 | 104 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix127-67552 | 6.53 | 0.103 | 219 | 1.18e-05 | 0.725 | 0.18 | 0.655 | 6.23 | 0.0278 | 1690 | 219 | 1470 | 752 | 2110 | 0.00305 | 104 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix128-60092 | 5.28 | 0.102 | 217 | 1.15e-05 | 0.717 | 0.178 | 0.673 | 5.33 | 0.0278 | 1730 | 215 | 1510 | 763 | 1880 | 0.00268 | 105 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix129-15776 | 4.88 | 0.102 | 217 | 1.14e-05 | 0.716 | 0.175 | 0.671 | 5.04 | 0.0278 | 1710 | 214 | 1500 | 765 | 1870 | 0.00255 | 105 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix130-21602 | 5.26 | 0.103 | 220 | 1.15e-05 | 0.728 | 0.189 | 0.707 | 5.35 | 0.028 | 1820 | 218 | 1600 | 776 | 1910 | 0.00274 | 105 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix131-42722 | 4.61 | 0.103 | 217 | 1.14e-05 | 0.717 | 0.173 | 0.671 | 4.86 | 0.028 | 1710 | 214 | 1500 | 770 | 1860 | 0.00246 | 106 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix132-94847 | 5.37 | 0.104 | 221 | 1.16e-05 | 0.735 | 0.191 | 0.712 | 5.46 | 0.0282 | 1840 | 221 | 1610 | 780 | 2020 | 0.00279 | 106 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix133-32920 | 4.51 | 0.103 | 217 | 1.14e-05 | 0.714 | 0.164 | 0.643 | 4.8 | 0.0281 | 1630 | 213 | 1410 | 766 | 1920 | 0.00237 | 106 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix134-38175 | 5.88 | 0.104 | 221 | 1.19e-05 | 0.731 | 0.176 | 0.658 | 5.78 | 0.0283 | 1690 | 219 | 1470 | 768 | 2040 | 0.00284 | 107 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix135-67183 | 5.55 | 0.104 | 221 | 1.18e-05 | 0.727 | 0.172 | 0.655 | 5.51 | 0.0284 | 1670 | 217 | 1450 | 770 | 1910 | 0.00272 | 107 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix136-71322 | 5.65 | 0.106 | 225 | 1.18e-05 | 0.746 | 0.194 | 0.721 | 5.67 | 0.0285 | 1860 | 224 | 1640 | 789 | 2050 | 0.00289 | 107 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix137-14316 | 5.06 | 0.105 | 223 | 1.17e-05 | 0.74 | 0.189 | 0.715 | 5.24 | 0.0286 | 1840 | 221 | 1610 | 791 | 1930 | 0.00268 | 108 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix138-82321 | 5.78 | 0.106 | 226 | 1.19e-05 | 0.75 | 0.196 | 0.724 | 5.77 | 0.0287 | 1870 | 225 | 1640 | 794 | 2040 | 0.00294 | 108 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix139-58343 | 5.66 | 0.106 | 225 | 1.19e-05 | 0.745 | 0.186 | 0.694 | 5.68 | 0.0288 | 1790 | 224 | 1560 | 788 | 2080 | 0.00284 | 108 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix140-82171 | 5.39 | 0.105 | 223 | 1.19e-05 | 0.735 | 0.172 | 0.661 | 5.42 | 0.0288 | 1680 | 220 | 1460 | 781 | 1940 | 0.00268 | 109 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix141-23432 | 5.03 | 0.107 | 226 | 1.18e-05 | 0.749 | 0.191 | 0.722 | 5.24 | 0.0289 | 1850 | 224 | 1630 | 800 | 2020 | 0.00269 | 109 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix142-38076 | 5.26 | 0.106 | 224 | 1.19e-05 | 0.737 | 0.171 | 0.662 | 5.33 | 0.0289 | 1680 | 220 | 1460 | 786 | 1900 | 0.00264 | 109 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix143-29581 | 5.19 | 0.106 | 225 | 1.19e-05 | 0.739 | 0.171 | 0.663 | 5.29 | 0.029 | 1680 | 221 | 1460 | 788 | 1920 | 0.00262 | 110 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix144-24754 | 5.03 | 0.107 | 226 | 1.19e-05 | 0.745 | 0.179 | 0.694 | 5.18 | 0.0291 | 1770 | 222 | 1540 | 799 | 1870 | 0.00262 | 110 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix145-59237 | 6.54 | 0.109 | 232 | 1.24e-05 | 0.769 | 0.202 | 0.741 | 6.29 | 0.0294 | 1920 | 231 | 1680 | 809 | 2010 | 0.0032 | 110 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix146-81101 | 4.94 | 0.107 | 226 | 1.19e-05 | 0.74 | 0.169 | 0.664 | 5.09 | 0.0292 | 1680 | 220 | 1460 | 795 | 1840 | 0.00253 | 111 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix147-33457 | 4.65 | 0.108 | 228 | 1.19e-05 | 0.754 | 0.188 | 0.725 | 4.96 | 0.0294 | 1850 | 225 | 1620 | 814 | 1910 | 0.00256 | 111 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix148-49128 | 5.88 | 0.109 | 232 | 1.23e-05 | 0.77 | 0.198 | 0.739 | 5.85 | 0.0296 | 1900 | 231 | 1670 | 816 | 2030 | 0.00298 | 111 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix149-57249 | 4.86 | 0.108 | 227 | 1.2e-05 | 0.747 | 0.17 | 0.669 | 5.07 | 0.0295 | 1690 | 222 | 1470 | 801 | 1910 | 0.00251 | 112 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix150-99221 | 5.18 | 0.109 | 232 | 1.21e-05 | 0.768 | 0.194 | 0.736 | 5.38 | 0.0297 | 1890 | 230 | 1660 | 821 | 2070 | 0.00275 | 112 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix151-57598 | 6.2 | 0.11 | 235 | 1.25e-05 | 0.779 | 0.202 | 0.747 | 6.09 | 0.0298 | 1930 | 234 | 1690 | 823 | 2070 | 0.0031 | 112 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix152-10827 | 6.75 | 0.11 | 234 | 1.27e-05 | 0.774 | 0.187 | 0.692 | 6.44 | 0.0299 | 1780 | 232 | 1540 | 808 | 2140 | 0.00317 | 112 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix153-86034 | 6.03 | 0.111 | 236 | 1.25e-05 | 0.78 | 0.2 | 0.748 | 5.97 | 0.03 | 1930 | 234 | 1690 | 827 | 2020 | 0.00304 | 113 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix154-89122 | 5.91 | 0.111 | 236 | 1.25e-05 | 0.78 | 0.199 | 0.747 | 5.86 | 0.0301 | 1920 | 233 | 1690 | 830 | 1980 | 0.003 | 113 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix155-86048 | 5.86 | 0.11 | 234 | 1.25e-05 | 0.769 | 0.179 | 0.687 | 5.8 | 0.0301 | 1750 | 230 | 1520 | 815 | 2010 | 0.00287 | 113 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix156-14400 | 5.45 | 0.11 | 233 | 1.24e-05 | 0.769 | 0.177 | 0.686 | 5.55 | 0.0301 | 1740 | 230 | 1510 | 817 | 2080 | 0.00274 | 114 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix157-86086 | 6.65 | 0.113 | 240 | 1.28e-05 | 0.796 | 0.207 | 0.76 | 6.44 | 0.0304 | 1970 | 239 | 1730 | 836 | 2170 | 0.00326 | 114 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix158-22961 | 5.91 | 0.111 | 235 | 1.26e-05 | 0.774 | 0.18 | 0.692 | 5.84 | 0.0303 | 1760 | 231 | 1530 | 822 | 1990 | 0.00288 | 114 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix159-62178 | 5.13 | 0.111 | 235 | 1.24e-05 | 0.775 | 0.184 | 0.716 | 5.31 | 0.0304 | 1820 | 231 | 1590 | 832 | 1950 | 0.00268 | 115 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix160-32487 | 6.83 | 0.113 | 242 | 1.29e-05 | 0.803 | 0.209 | 0.766 | 6.57 | 0.0307 | 1980 | 241 | 1740 | 843 | 2140 | 0.00333 | 115 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix161-92755 | 5.73 | 0.112 | 237 | 1.26e-05 | 0.78 | 0.18 | 0.695 | 5.73 | 0.0306 | 1770 | 233 | 1530 | 828 | 2050 | 0.00283 | 115 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix162-25111 | 5.74 | 0.113 | 240 | 1.27e-05 | 0.794 | 0.2 | 0.758 | 5.77 | 0.0307 | 1940 | 237 | 1700 | 848 | 2020 | 0.00296 | 116 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix163-28016 | 6.08 | 0.112 | 239 | 1.28e-05 | 0.785 | 0.182 | 0.7 | 5.95 | 0.0308 | 1780 | 234 | 1540 | 833 | 1960 | 0.00295 | 116 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix164-91747 | 4.63 | 0.112 | 236 | 1.24e-05 | 0.773 | 0.171 | 0.688 | 4.93 | 0.0307 | 1730 | 230 | 1500 | 835 | 1920 | 0.00246 | 116 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix165-40014 | 5.92 | 0.114 | 241 | 1.28e-05 | 0.796 | 0.192 | 0.733 | 5.91 | 0.031 | 1870 | 238 | 1630 | 846 | 2060 | 0.00296 | 117 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix166-88432 | 5.47 | 0.113 | 240 | 1.27e-05 | 0.791 | 0.187 | 0.729 | 5.54 | 0.031 | 1850 | 235 | 1610 | 848 | 1920 | 0.0028 | 117 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix167-18763 | 4.91 | 0.113 | 240 | 1.26e-05 | 0.788 | 0.184 | 0.725 | 5.16 | 0.031 | 1840 | 234 | 1600 | 850 | 1920 | 0.00262 | 117 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa
Table 25: Total life cycle (A1 to A3) impact results for 28d Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa, assuming the geometric mean point values on a per m3 concrete mixIndicator/LCI Metric | AP | EP | GWP | ODP | PCOP | ADPe | ADPf | LFW | LFHW | TPE | RE | NRE | WDP | NRR | RR | CBWC | CWWC | CHW | CNHW |
Unit | moles of H+-Eq | kg N | kg CO2-Eq | kg CFC-11-Eq | kg NOx-Eq | kg Sbeq | kg Sbeq | kg waste | kg waste | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | m3 | kg | kg | m3 | m3 | kg | kg |
Minimum | 4.6 | 0.113 | 239 | 1.25e-05 | 0.783 | 0.172 | 0.696 | 4.92 | 0.0311 | 1750 | 232 | 1510 | 846 | 1860 | 0.00246 | 118 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Maximum | 7.12 | 0.125 | 264 | 1.41e-05 | 0.87 | 0.219 | 0.817 | 6.87 | 0.0344 | 2100 | 260 | 1840 | 942 | 2250 | 0.00348 | 130 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mean | 5.73 | 0.12 | 254 | 1.34e-05 | 0.834 | 0.194 | 0.76 | 5.8 | 0.0328 | 1930 | 248 | 1680 | 895 | 2050 | 0.00293 | 124 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Median | 5.72 | 0.12 | 254 | 1.35e-05 | 0.839 | 0.194 | 0.754 | 5.78 | 0.0329 | 1920 | 249 | 1680 | 896 | 2060 | 0.00295 | 124 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix168-41368 | 4.65 | 0.114 | 240 | 1.25e-05 | 0.789 | 0.183 | 0.725 | 5.01 | 0.0311 | 1840 | 235 | 1600 | 852 | 2010 | 0.00254 | 118 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix169-67220 | 5.73 | 0.114 | 242 | 1.29e-05 | 0.795 | 0.182 | 0.706 | 5.75 | 0.0313 | 1790 | 237 | 1550 | 846 | 2070 | 0.00285 | 118 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix170-11554 | 4.6 | 0.113 | 239 | 1.26e-05 | 0.783 | 0.172 | 0.696 | 4.92 | 0.0312 | 1750 | 232 | 1510 | 848 | 1900 | 0.00246 | 118 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix171-60640 | 6.7 | 0.116 | 247 | 1.32e-05 | 0.815 | 0.2 | 0.749 | 6.46 | 0.0315 | 1920 | 244 | 1680 | 859 | 2120 | 0.00324 | 119 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix172-82057 | 6.61 | 0.116 | 247 | 1.32e-05 | 0.818 | 0.201 | 0.751 | 6.43 | 0.0316 | 1930 | 245 | 1680 | 861 | 2200 | 0.00321 | 119 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix173-96764 | 6.66 | 0.116 | 246 | 1.33e-05 | 0.81 | 0.189 | 0.72 | 6.39 | 0.0317 | 1830 | 241 | 1590 | 855 | 2020 | 0.00316 | 119 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix174-73473 | 4.94 | 0.115 | 243 | 1.28e-05 | 0.795 | 0.176 | 0.705 | 5.19 | 0.0316 | 1770 | 236 | 1540 | 857 | 1960 | 0.00258 | 120 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix175-64793 | 6.03 | 0.116 | 246 | 1.31e-05 | 0.809 | 0.185 | 0.718 | 5.98 | 0.0318 | 1820 | 241 | 1580 | 860 | 2080 | 0.00296 | 120 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix176-43449 | 5.14 | 0.116 | 246 | 1.29e-05 | 0.806 | 0.187 | 0.74 | 5.32 | 0.0318 | 1870 | 239 | 1630 | 870 | 1900 | 0.00271 | 120 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix177-46526 | 6.64 | 0.117 | 249 | 1.34e-05 | 0.818 | 0.19 | 0.726 | 6.41 | 0.032 | 1850 | 244 | 1600 | 864 | 2090 | 0.00316 | 121 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix178-99456 | 5.48 | 0.117 | 248 | 1.31e-05 | 0.815 | 0.191 | 0.747 | 5.6 | 0.032 | 1890 | 242 | 1650 | 875 | 2010 | 0.00283 | 121 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix179-49909 | 6.39 | 0.118 | 251 | 1.34e-05 | 0.827 | 0.2 | 0.758 | 6.28 | 0.0322 | 1940 | 247 | 1690 | 877 | 2130 | 0.00315 | 121 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix180-85667 | 4.61 | 0.117 | 248 | 1.29e-05 | 0.818 | 0.195 | 0.773 | 5.03 | 0.0321 | 1960 | 243 | 1710 | 888 | 2010 | 0.0026 | 122 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix181-27375 | 6.48 | 0.119 | 254 | 1.35e-05 | 0.838 | 0.211 | 0.792 | 6.36 | 0.0324 | 2030 | 251 | 1780 | 890 | 2130 | 0.00324 | 122 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix182-82702 | 6.16 | 0.119 | 252 | 1.34e-05 | 0.831 | 0.199 | 0.76 | 6.13 | 0.0324 | 1940 | 248 | 1690 | 884 | 2150 | 0.00308 | 122 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix183-81477 | 5.47 | 0.118 | 250 | 1.32e-05 | 0.819 | 0.183 | 0.724 | 5.61 | 0.0324 | 1830 | 243 | 1580 | 878 | 2070 | 0.00278 | 123 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix184-66420 | 4.63 | 0.118 | 249 | 1.3e-05 | 0.819 | 0.186 | 0.748 | 5.03 | 0.0324 | 1880 | 243 | 1640 | 888 | 2010 | 0.00256 | 123 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix185-92617 | 6.19 | 0.119 | 253 | 1.35e-05 | 0.831 | 0.19 | 0.734 | 6.14 | 0.0326 | 1860 | 248 | 1610 | 882 | 2170 | 0.00303 | 123 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-59517 | 6.45 | 0.12 | 255 | 1.36e-05 | 0.84 | 0.201 | 0.768 | 6.32 | 0.0328 | 1960 | 251 | 1710 | 893 | 2100 | 0.00317 | 124 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-96140 | 6.11 | 0.12 | 256 | 1.35e-05 | 0.843 | 0.207 | 0.796 | 6.07 | 0.0329 | 2030 | 251 | 1780 | 904 | 1980 | 0.00311 | 124 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-48460 | 5.47 | 0.12 | 254 | 1.34e-05 | 0.835 | 0.194 | 0.762 | 5.64 | 0.0329 | 1930 | 248 | 1680 | 897 | 2080 | 0.00285 | 124 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-23261 | 4.75 | 0.119 | 251 | 1.32e-05 | 0.82 | 0.177 | 0.724 | 5.06 | 0.0329 | 1810 | 243 | 1570 | 891 | 1910 | 0.00254 | 125 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-21866 | 5.94 | 0.121 | 258 | 1.36e-05 | 0.849 | 0.208 | 0.799 | 5.99 | 0.0331 | 2040 | 253 | 1780 | 910 | 2070 | 0.00307 | 125 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-45485 | 5.52 | 0.12 | 254 | 1.35e-05 | 0.833 | 0.184 | 0.735 | 5.64 | 0.0331 | 1850 | 247 | 1600 | 896 | 2010 | 0.0028 | 125 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-73490 | 6.5 | 0.121 | 257 | 1.37e-05 | 0.847 | 0.203 | 0.773 | 6.37 | 0.033 | 1970 | 253 | 1720 | 900 | 2150 | 0.0032 | 125 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-80220 | 5.83 | 0.12 | 256 | 1.35e-05 | 0.84 | 0.196 | 0.767 | 5.87 | 0.0331 | 1940 | 249 | 1690 | 902 | 1990 | 0.00297 | 125 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-50054 | 5.07 | 0.121 | 256 | 1.33e-05 | 0.843 | 0.202 | 0.793 | 5.39 | 0.0331 | 2010 | 251 | 1760 | 913 | 2070 | 0.00278 | 125 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-94790 | 4.82 | 0.121 | 256 | 1.33e-05 | 0.84 | 0.198 | 0.791 | 5.16 | 0.0332 | 2000 | 249 | 1750 | 915 | 1920 | 0.00268 | 126 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-47684 | 7.12 | 0.123 | 263 | 1.4e-05 | 0.869 | 0.219 | 0.816 | 6.87 | 0.0335 | 2100 | 260 | 1840 | 917 | 2250 | 0.00348 | 126 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-32208 | 6.05 | 0.122 | 258 | 1.37e-05 | 0.845 | 0.189 | 0.745 | 6.03 | 0.0334 | 1880 | 251 | 1630 | 902 | 2080 | 0.00299 | 126 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-70062 | 7.07 | 0.123 | 264 | 1.41e-05 | 0.87 | 0.218 | 0.817 | 6.8 | 0.0336 | 2100 | 260 | 1840 | 921 | 2140 | 0.00346 | 126 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-28731 | 6.27 | 0.123 | 261 | 1.39e-05 | 0.857 | 0.201 | 0.78 | 6.21 | 0.0336 | 1980 | 255 | 1720 | 915 | 2070 | 0.00313 | 127 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-20849 | 6.2 | 0.123 | 261 | 1.39e-05 | 0.859 | 0.202 | 0.781 | 6.18 | 0.0337 | 1980 | 255 | 1730 | 917 | 2110 | 0.00311 | 127 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-25919 | 5.12 | 0.122 | 258 | 1.36e-05 | 0.842 | 0.183 | 0.741 | 5.37 | 0.0336 | 1860 | 249 | 1600 | 911 | 2000 | 0.00268 | 127 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-24547 | 5.57 | 0.123 | 262 | 1.37e-05 | 0.861 | 0.206 | 0.808 | 5.72 | 0.0338 | 2050 | 255 | 1790 | 930 | 1990 | 0.00295 | 128 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-57879 | 6.13 | 0.124 | 264 | 1.39e-05 | 0.868 | 0.21 | 0.815 | 6.12 | 0.034 | 2070 | 258 | 1810 | 933 | 2010 | 0.00314 | 128 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-85995 | 5.55 | 0.124 | 263 | 1.38e-05 | 0.864 | 0.206 | 0.81 | 5.7 | 0.034 | 2050 | 256 | 1790 | 935 | 1960 | 0.00295 | 128 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-53358 | 5.72 | 0.124 | 262 | 1.39e-05 | 0.856 | 0.188 | 0.752 | 5.81 | 0.034 | 1890 | 254 | 1640 | 920 | 2050 | 0.00289 | 129 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-23934 | 4.85 | 0.123 | 260 | 1.36e-05 | 0.846 | 0.18 | 0.744 | 5.14 | 0.034 | 1850 | 250 | 1600 | 922 | 1860 | 0.00259 | 129 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-96916 | 4.93 | 0.124 | 263 | 1.37e-05 | 0.864 | 0.202 | 0.809 | 5.27 | 0.0342 | 2040 | 256 | 1780 | 942 | 1950 | 0.00274 | 129 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-98529 | 4.91 | 0.124 | 261 | 1.37e-05 | 0.854 | 0.183 | 0.749 | 5.24 | 0.0342 | 1870 | 253 | 1620 | 927 | 2020 | 0.00262 | 130 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-89675 | 5.49 | 0.125 | 264 | 1.39e-05 | 0.862 | 0.188 | 0.757 | 5.67 | 0.0344 | 1900 | 256 | 1640 | 929 | 2110 | 0.00283 | 130 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa
Table 26: Total life cycle (A1 to A3) impact results for 28d Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa, assuming the geometric mean point values on a per m3 concrete mixIndicator/LCI Metric | AP | EP | GWP | ODP | PCOP | ADPe | ADPf | LFW | LFHW | TPE | RE | NRE | WDP | NRR | RR | CBWC | CWWC | CHW | CNHW |
Unit | moles of H+-Eq | kg N | kg CO2-Eq | kg CFC-11-Eq | kg NOx-Eq | kg Sbeq | kg Sbeq | kg waste | kg waste | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | m3 | kg | kg | m3 | m3 | kg | kg |
Minimum | 4.8 | 0.125 | 264 | 1.39e-05 | 0.86 | 0.183 | 0.755 | 5.21 | 0.0345 | 1880 | 254 | 1630 | 934 | 1890 | 0.00263 | 130 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Maximum | 7.29 | 0.137 | 290 | 1.54e-05 | 0.951 | 0.229 | 0.878 | 7.07 | 0.0379 | 2240 | 283 | 1950 | 1030 | 2300 | 0.0036 | 144 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mean | 5.93 | 0.131 | 279 | 1.47e-05 | 0.911 | 0.204 | 0.816 | 6.03 | 0.0362 | 2050 | 270 | 1780 | 984 | 2090 | 0.00305 | 137 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Median | 5.8 | 0.131 | 278 | 1.48e-05 | 0.912 | 0.204 | 0.813 | 5.92 | 0.0362 | 2040 | 271 | 1770 | 984 | 2080 | 0.00299 | 137 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-84133 | 5.54 | 0.125 | 267 | 1.4e-05 | 0.875 | 0.207 | 0.818 | 5.7 | 0.0345 | 2070 | 259 | 1810 | 948 | 1950 | 0.00295 | 130 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-17940 | 5.85 | 0.125 | 265 | 1.41e-05 | 0.867 | 0.19 | 0.762 | 5.89 | 0.0345 | 1910 | 257 | 1650 | 934 | 2010 | 0.00294 | 131 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-74686 | 5.04 | 0.125 | 264 | 1.39e-05 | 0.86 | 0.183 | 0.755 | 5.31 | 0.0346 | 1880 | 254 | 1630 | 936 | 1920 | 0.00266 | 131 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-83706 | 5.66 | 0.126 | 269 | 1.41e-05 | 0.882 | 0.209 | 0.824 | 5.81 | 0.0348 | 2090 | 261 | 1820 | 955 | 1990 | 0.003 | 131 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-90438 | 5.02 | 0.125 | 265 | 1.39e-05 | 0.863 | 0.183 | 0.757 | 5.29 | 0.0347 | 1890 | 254 | 1630 | 940 | 1890 | 0.00266 | 132 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-19986 | 6.49 | 0.127 | 271 | 1.44e-05 | 0.889 | 0.206 | 0.805 | 6.39 | 0.035 | 2040 | 264 | 1770 | 951 | 2090 | 0.00323 | 132 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-46870 | 4.93 | 0.126 | 268 | 1.4e-05 | 0.875 | 0.194 | 0.791 | 5.29 | 0.0349 | 1980 | 259 | 1720 | 953 | 2020 | 0.0027 | 132 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-32572 | 5.39 | 0.127 | 269 | 1.41e-05 | 0.881 | 0.198 | 0.797 | 5.61 | 0.035 | 2000 | 260 | 1740 | 956 | 2000 | 0.00285 | 133 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-42926 | 5.54 | 0.127 | 269 | 1.42e-05 | 0.878 | 0.189 | 0.769 | 5.7 | 0.0351 | 1930 | 260 | 1660 | 949 | 2030 | 0.00285 | 133 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-68906 | 6.84 | 0.129 | 276 | 1.46e-05 | 0.908 | 0.221 | 0.845 | 6.7 | 0.0354 | 2160 | 270 | 1880 | 969 | 2190 | 0.00342 | 133 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-79583 | 6.44 | 0.129 | 275 | 1.45e-05 | 0.905 | 0.218 | 0.843 | 6.4 | 0.0354 | 2140 | 269 | 1870 | 971 | 2140 | 0.00328 | 134 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-51160 | 6.84 | 0.129 | 274 | 1.47e-05 | 0.899 | 0.201 | 0.787 | 6.66 | 0.0355 | 1990 | 267 | 1720 | 956 | 2200 | 0.0033 | 134 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-57293 | 6.09 | 0.13 | 276 | 1.45e-05 | 0.906 | 0.216 | 0.842 | 6.18 | 0.0356 | 2140 | 269 | 1870 | 975 | 2150 | 0.00317 | 134 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-80180 | 6.39 | 0.13 | 277 | 1.46e-05 | 0.911 | 0.219 | 0.847 | 6.39 | 0.0357 | 2150 | 271 | 1880 | 977 | 2180 | 0.00327 | 135 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-63341 | 6 | 0.13 | 275 | 1.45e-05 | 0.901 | 0.205 | 0.813 | 6.08 | 0.0357 | 2050 | 267 | 1780 | 971 | 2100 | 0.00308 | 135 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-97068 | 4.8 | 0.129 | 274 | 1.42e-05 | 0.898 | 0.206 | 0.834 | 5.24 | 0.0357 | 2100 | 265 | 1830 | 982 | 2040 | 0.00273 | 135 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-96489 | 4.85 | 0.129 | 273 | 1.42e-05 | 0.891 | 0.194 | 0.803 | 5.21 | 0.0357 | 2010 | 262 | 1740 | 976 | 1900 | 0.00268 | 136 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-40850 | 7.07 | 0.131 | 279 | 1.5e-05 | 0.913 | 0.205 | 0.798 | 6.85 | 0.036 | 2020 | 272 | 1750 | 969 | 2280 | 0.00339 | 136 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-25583 | 5.83 | 0.13 | 276 | 1.46e-05 | 0.899 | 0.193 | 0.785 | 5.92 | 0.036 | 1960 | 265 | 1700 | 972 | 2020 | 0.00296 | 136 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-91696 | 7.27 | 0.133 | 283 | 1.51e-05 | 0.932 | 0.227 | 0.864 | 7.04 | 0.0362 | 2210 | 278 | 1930 | 991 | 2290 | 0.00358 | 137 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-92701 | 5.46 | 0.13 | 277 | 1.45e-05 | 0.904 | 0.2 | 0.815 | 5.65 | 0.0361 | 2040 | 267 | 1770 | 985 | 1940 | 0.00289 | 137 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-55817 | 4.83 | 0.13 | 275 | 1.44e-05 | 0.896 | 0.187 | 0.781 | 5.23 | 0.0361 | 1940 | 264 | 1670 | 978 | 2040 | 0.00263 | 137 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-76920 | 5.24 | 0.131 | 278 | 1.45e-05 | 0.908 | 0.2 | 0.817 | 5.53 | 0.0363 | 2050 | 268 | 1770 | 989 | 2030 | 0.00283 | 138 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-78565 | 6.66 | 0.132 | 281 | 1.5e-05 | 0.917 | 0.201 | 0.8 | 6.52 | 0.0365 | 2010 | 271 | 1740 | 983 | 2070 | 0.00325 | 138 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-96336 | 6.17 | 0.133 | 282 | 1.49e-05 | 0.922 | 0.208 | 0.829 | 6.22 | 0.0365 | 2090 | 273 | 1810 | 994 | 2110 | 0.00315 | 138 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-37996 | 6.65 | 0.133 | 282 | 1.51e-05 | 0.924 | 0.203 | 0.805 | 6.57 | 0.0366 | 2030 | 274 | 1750 | 987 | 2230 | 0.00326 | 139 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-58317 | 7.01 | 0.135 | 287 | 1.52e-05 | 0.943 | 0.227 | 0.872 | 6.89 | 0.0368 | 2220 | 281 | 1940 | 1010 | 2300 | 0.00351 | 139 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-20651 | 5.61 | 0.133 | 282 | 1.48e-05 | 0.923 | 0.205 | 0.828 | 5.84 | 0.0367 | 2080 | 273 | 1800 | 1000 | 2140 | 0.00297 | 139 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-58451 | 6.01 | 0.133 | 282 | 1.5e-05 | 0.922 | 0.198 | 0.803 | 6.11 | 0.0368 | 2010 | 273 | 1740 | 994 | 2160 | 0.00305 | 140 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-51501 | 7.29 | 0.136 | 289 | 1.54e-05 | 0.951 | 0.229 | 0.878 | 7.07 | 0.0371 | 2240 | 283 | 1950 | 1010 | 2260 | 0.0036 | 140 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-39771 | 7.22 | 0.135 | 286 | 1.54e-05 | 0.937 | 0.208 | 0.817 | 6.96 | 0.0371 | 2060 | 278 | 1780 | 999 | 2190 | 0.00345 | 140 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-39560 | 5.49 | 0.134 | 283 | 1.49e-05 | 0.922 | 0.195 | 0.802 | 5.74 | 0.037 | 2000 | 272 | 1730 | 1000 | 2130 | 0.00287 | 140 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-85786 | 5.35 | 0.134 | 283 | 1.49e-05 | 0.921 | 0.193 | 0.801 | 5.61 | 0.0371 | 1990 | 271 | 1720 | 1000 | 2010 | 0.00281 | 141 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-31904 | 5.36 | 0.135 | 286 | 1.49e-05 | 0.936 | 0.213 | 0.864 | 5.66 | 0.0373 | 2170 | 276 | 1890 | 1020 | 2030 | 0.00294 | 141 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-83898 | 6.34 | 0.135 | 287 | 1.52e-05 | 0.936 | 0.202 | 0.814 | 6.34 | 0.0374 | 2040 | 277 | 1760 | 1010 | 2140 | 0.00316 | 141 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-20689 | 5.92 | 0.135 | 286 | 1.51e-05 | 0.931 | 0.197 | 0.81 | 6.01 | 0.0374 | 2020 | 274 | 1740 | 1010 | 2000 | 0.00301 | 142 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-93003 | 6.4 | 0.137 | 290 | 1.53e-05 | 0.949 | 0.214 | 0.849 | 6.45 | 0.0376 | 2140 | 281 | 1860 | 1020 | 2250 | 0.00326 | 142 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-27901 | 5.45 | 0.135 | 286 | 1.51e-05 | 0.93 | 0.194 | 0.808 | 5.68 | 0.0375 | 2010 | 274 | 1730 | 1010 | 1980 | 0.00286 | 142 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-38450 | 5.78 | 0.136 | 288 | 1.52e-05 | 0.936 | 0.197 | 0.813 | 5.93 | 0.0377 | 2030 | 276 | 1750 | 1020 | 2050 | 0.00297 | 143 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-20187 | 5.73 | 0.136 | 289 | 1.52e-05 | 0.944 | 0.207 | 0.845 | 5.91 | 0.0378 | 2110 | 278 | 1830 | 1030 | 2020 | 0.00301 | 143 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-95051 | 5.6 | 0.137 | 290 | 1.52e-05 | 0.947 | 0.208 | 0.847 | 5.87 | 0.0378 | 2120 | 280 | 1840 | 1030 | 2160 | 0.00298 | 143 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-54258 | 5.49 | 0.137 | 290 | 1.52e-05 | 0.948 | 0.207 | 0.847 | 5.79 | 0.0379 | 2120 | 280 | 1840 | 1030 | 2150 | 0.00295 | 144 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa
Table 27: Total life cycle (A1 to A3) impact results for 28d Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa, assuming the geometric mean point values on a per m3 concrete mixIndicator/LCI Metric | AP | EP | GWP | ODP | PCOP | ADPe | ADPf | LFW | LFHW | TPE | RE | NRE | WDP | NRR | RR | CBWC | CWWC | CHW | CNHW |
Unit | moles of H+-Eq | kg N | kg CO2-Eq | kg CFC-11-Eq | kg NOx-Eq | kg Sbeq | kg Sbeq | kg waste | kg waste | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | m3 | kg | kg | m3 | m3 | kg | kg |
Minimum | 4.95 | 0.136 | 288 | 1.51e-05 | 0.937 | 0.192 | 0.812 | 5.36 | 0.0379 | 2010 | 276 | 1730 | 1030 | 1940 | 0.0027 | 144 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Maximum | 7.34 | 0.149 | 317 | 1.69e-05 | 1.03 | 0.238 | 0.938 | 7.2 | 0.0414 | 2350 | 304 | 2050 | 1130 | 2360 | 0.00368 | 157 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mean | 6.06 | 0.143 | 304 | 1.6e-05 | 0.991 | 0.214 | 0.877 | 6.22 | 0.0397 | 2190 | 292 | 1900 | 1080 | 2140 | 0.00316 | 151 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Median | 5.97 | 0.144 | 306 | 1.61e-05 | 1 | 0.214 | 0.877 | 6.17 | 0.0397 | 2200 | 295 | 1900 | 1080 | 2140 | 0.00313 | 151 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-90258 | 4.95 | 0.136 | 288 | 1.51e-05 | 0.937 | 0.192 | 0.812 | 5.36 | 0.0379 | 2010 | 276 | 1730 | 1030 | 2060 | 0.0027 | 144 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-91484 | 7.02 | 0.138 | 294 | 1.57e-05 | 0.96 | 0.209 | 0.833 | 6.84 | 0.0382 | 2090 | 284 | 1810 | 1030 | 2190 | 0.00341 | 144 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-23658 | 5.46 | 0.138 | 292 | 1.53e-05 | 0.951 | 0.206 | 0.85 | 5.74 | 0.0382 | 2120 | 280 | 1840 | 1040 | 2050 | 0.00293 | 145 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-36769 | 5.85 | 0.138 | 292 | 1.54e-05 | 0.953 | 0.201 | 0.825 | 6.04 | 0.0383 | 2060 | 281 | 1780 | 1030 | 2200 | 0.00302 | 145 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-39348 | 6.84 | 0.139 | 295 | 1.58e-05 | 0.963 | 0.208 | 0.836 | 6.73 | 0.0384 | 2100 | 285 | 1810 | 1030 | 2180 | 0.00335 | 145 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-81425 | 5.15 | 0.138 | 292 | 1.53e-05 | 0.949 | 0.195 | 0.821 | 5.52 | 0.0384 | 2040 | 279 | 1750 | 1040 | 2100 | 0.00278 | 146 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-95887 | 6.19 | 0.139 | 295 | 1.56e-05 | 0.959 | 0.202 | 0.831 | 6.23 | 0.0385 | 2070 | 282 | 1790 | 1040 | 2050 | 0.00313 | 146 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-36162 | 5.34 | 0.139 | 296 | 1.54e-05 | 0.966 | 0.216 | 0.886 | 5.68 | 0.0386 | 2220 | 284 | 1930 | 1060 | 2030 | 0.00296 | 146 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-86019 | 5.15 | 0.138 | 293 | 1.54e-05 | 0.951 | 0.194 | 0.823 | 5.48 | 0.0386 | 2040 | 279 | 1750 | 1040 | 1940 | 0.00277 | 147 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-58655 | 5.76 | 0.139 | 295 | 1.56e-05 | 0.96 | 0.2 | 0.831 | 5.94 | 0.0387 | 2070 | 282 | 1780 | 1050 | 2040 | 0.00298 | 147 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-49405 | 5.31 | 0.14 | 297 | 1.55e-05 | 0.97 | 0.216 | 0.89 | 5.64 | 0.0388 | 2220 | 285 | 1940 | 1060 | 1960 | 0.00295 | 147 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-39363 | 6.99 | 0.141 | 301 | 1.6e-05 | 0.983 | 0.22 | 0.877 | 6.85 | 0.0391 | 2210 | 290 | 1910 | 1060 | 2130 | 0.00347 | 148 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-95622 | 5.97 | 0.141 | 299 | 1.58e-05 | 0.978 | 0.214 | 0.87 | 6.17 | 0.039 | 2180 | 289 | 1890 | 1060 | 2220 | 0.00313 | 148 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-59769 | 6.27 | 0.141 | 299 | 1.59e-05 | 0.975 | 0.206 | 0.843 | 6.33 | 0.0391 | 2100 | 287 | 1810 | 1050 | 2160 | 0.00317 | 148 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-48667 | 6.25 | 0.141 | 300 | 1.59e-05 | 0.976 | 0.205 | 0.844 | 6.32 | 0.0392 | 2100 | 287 | 1810 | 1060 | 2120 | 0.00316 | 149 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-73351 | 6.84 | 0.143 | 305 | 1.61e-05 | 1 | 0.232 | 0.914 | 6.83 | 0.0394 | 2310 | 296 | 2010 | 1080 | 2320 | 0.0035 | 149 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-45399 | 5.43 | 0.141 | 299 | 1.57e-05 | 0.972 | 0.2 | 0.839 | 5.76 | 0.0393 | 2080 | 286 | 1790 | 1060 | 2140 | 0.00289 | 149 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-71993 | 6.7 | 0.144 | 306 | 1.61e-05 | 1 | 0.231 | 0.915 | 6.72 | 0.0396 | 2310 | 296 | 2010 | 1080 | 2280 | 0.00345 | 150 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-28560 | 7.08 | 0.144 | 307 | 1.63e-05 | 1.01 | 0.234 | 0.92 | 6.98 | 0.0397 | 2330 | 298 | 2030 | 1080 | 2240 | 0.00358 | 150 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-98936 | 6.7 | 0.144 | 307 | 1.62e-05 | 1 | 0.231 | 0.918 | 6.72 | 0.0397 | 2320 | 297 | 2020 | 1090 | 2230 | 0.00345 | 150 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-65318 | 6.01 | 0.143 | 303 | 1.6e-05 | 0.985 | 0.205 | 0.85 | 6.17 | 0.0397 | 2120 | 290 | 1820 | 1070 | 2160 | 0.0031 | 151 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-54649 | 7.34 | 0.145 | 310 | 1.64e-05 | 1.02 | 0.238 | 0.928 | 7.2 | 0.04 | 2350 | 301 | 2050 | 1090 | 2360 | 0.00368 | 151 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-87233 | 6.81 | 0.144 | 306 | 1.63e-05 | 0.999 | 0.213 | 0.862 | 6.77 | 0.0399 | 2160 | 295 | 1860 | 1070 | 2280 | 0.00338 | 151 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-29252 | 6.2 | 0.145 | 307 | 1.62e-05 | 1 | 0.218 | 0.888 | 6.36 | 0.04 | 2220 | 295 | 1930 | 1090 | 2230 | 0.00323 | 152 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-90118 | 6.31 | 0.145 | 309 | 1.62e-05 | 1.01 | 0.228 | 0.92 | 6.42 | 0.0401 | 2310 | 297 | 2010 | 1100 | 2120 | 0.00332 | 152 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-15523 | 5.96 | 0.144 | 307 | 1.61e-05 | 0.999 | 0.215 | 0.887 | 6.13 | 0.0401 | 2210 | 294 | 1910 | 1090 | 2050 | 0.00313 | 152 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-37792 | 5.42 | 0.145 | 307 | 1.6e-05 | 1 | 0.221 | 0.914 | 5.78 | 0.0402 | 2280 | 295 | 1990 | 1100 | 2060 | 0.00302 | 153 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-50464 | 5.6 | 0.146 | 309 | 1.61e-05 | 1.01 | 0.224 | 0.919 | 5.95 | 0.0403 | 2300 | 297 | 2000 | 1100 | 2200 | 0.00309 | 153 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-72928 | 7 | 0.146 | 311 | 1.65e-05 | 1.02 | 0.224 | 0.902 | 6.9 | 0.0405 | 2260 | 300 | 1960 | 1100 | 2180 | 0.0035 | 153 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-82392 | 5.14 | 0.144 | 306 | 1.6e-05 | 0.99 | 0.198 | 0.853 | 5.51 | 0.0404 | 2100 | 290 | 1810 | 1090 | 1970 | 0.0028 | 154 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-99368 | 6.47 | 0.147 | 313 | 1.64e-05 | 1.02 | 0.232 | 0.932 | 6.6 | 0.0406 | 2340 | 302 | 2040 | 1110 | 2280 | 0.00339 | 154 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-20289 | 5.17 | 0.145 | 308 | 1.61e-05 | 1 | 0.209 | 0.887 | 5.56 | 0.0406 | 2200 | 293 | 1900 | 1100 | 1980 | 0.00287 | 154 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-81785 | 5.85 | 0.147 | 312 | 1.63e-05 | 1.02 | 0.226 | 0.927 | 6.11 | 0.0407 | 2320 | 300 | 2020 | 1110 | 2110 | 0.00317 | 154 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-54433 | 5.74 | 0.146 | 310 | 1.63e-05 | 1 | 0.204 | 0.865 | 5.96 | 0.0408 | 2140 | 295 | 1840 | 1100 | 2020 | 0.00301 | 155 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-31631 | 6.51 | 0.147 | 312 | 1.66e-05 | 1.02 | 0.211 | 0.874 | 6.54 | 0.0409 | 2170 | 299 | 1870 | 1100 | 2130 | 0.00328 | 155 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-23258 | 5.26 | 0.148 | 313 | 1.62e-05 | 1.02 | 0.223 | 0.926 | 5.72 | 0.0409 | 2310 | 300 | 2010 | 1120 | 2160 | 0.00298 | 155 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-89099 | 5.2 | 0.147 | 310 | 1.62e-05 | 1.01 | 0.202 | 0.865 | 5.62 | 0.041 | 2130 | 295 | 1840 | 1110 | 2120 | 0.00284 | 156 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-53006 | 6.99 | 0.149 | 316 | 1.68e-05 | 1.03 | 0.218 | 0.885 | 6.94 | 0.0412 | 2210 | 304 | 1900 | 1110 | 2310 | 0.00346 | 156 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-53253 | 7.08 | 0.149 | 316 | 1.69e-05 | 1.03 | 0.217 | 0.886 | 6.96 | 0.0413 | 2210 | 303 | 1900 | 1110 | 2210 | 0.00348 | 156 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-20355 | 5.45 | 0.148 | 313 | 1.64e-05 | 1.01 | 0.204 | 0.871 | 5.78 | 0.0412 | 2150 | 297 | 1850 | 1110 | 2040 | 0.00292 | 157 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-70736 | 5.76 | 0.149 | 317 | 1.65e-05 | 1.03 | 0.228 | 0.938 | 6.09 | 0.0414 | 2340 | 304 | 2040 | 1130 | 2180 | 0.00316 | 157 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa
Table 28: Total life cycle (A1 to A3) impact results for 28d Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa, assuming the geometric mean point values on a per m3 concrete mixIndicator/LCI Metric | AP | EP | GWP | ODP | PCOP | ADPe | ADPf | LFW | LFHW | TPE | RE | NRE | WDP | NRR | RR | CBWC | CWWC | CHW | CNHW |
Unit | moles of H+-Eq | kg N | kg CO2-Eq | kg CFC-11-Eq | kg NOx-Eq | kg Sbeq | kg Sbeq | kg waste | kg waste | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | m3 | kg | kg | m3 | m3 | kg | kg |
Minimum | 5.17 | 0.149 | 317 | 1.64e-05 | 1.03 | 0.209 | 0.884 | 5.67 | 0.0415 | 2190 | 302 | 1880 | 1120 | 2060 | 0.00296 | 157 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Maximum | 7.59 | 0.163 | 347 | 1.83e-05 | 1.13 | 0.252 | 1.02 | 7.45 | 0.0451 | 2550 | 334 | 2210 | 1230 | 2430 | 0.00381 | 171 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mean | 6.4 | 0.155 | 330 | 1.74e-05 | 1.07 | 0.228 | 0.946 | 6.56 | 0.0433 | 2360 | 315 | 2040 | 1170 | 2200 | 0.00336 | 164 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Median | 6.4 | 0.156 | 330 | 1.74e-05 | 1.07 | 0.228 | 0.936 | 6.56 | 0.0432 | 2340 | 316 | 2030 | 1170 | 2180 | 0.00335 | 164 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-66411 | 5.71 | 0.149 | 317 | 1.65e-05 | 1.03 | 0.227 | 0.938 | 6.02 | 0.0415 | 2340 | 304 | 2030 | 1130 | 2100 | 0.00314 | 157 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-54078 | 5.17 | 0.15 | 317 | 1.64e-05 | 1.03 | 0.224 | 0.935 | 5.67 | 0.0415 | 2330 | 303 | 2020 | 1140 | 2160 | 0.00296 | 158 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-64650 | 6.11 | 0.15 | 317 | 1.67e-05 | 1.03 | 0.211 | 0.884 | 6.29 | 0.0416 | 2190 | 302 | 1890 | 1120 | 2170 | 0.00316 | 158 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-85722 | 6.94 | 0.15 | 319 | 1.7e-05 | 1.04 | 0.217 | 0.892 | 6.85 | 0.0418 | 2220 | 305 | 1910 | 1120 | 2140 | 0.00344 | 158 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-78583 | 5.56 | 0.15 | 318 | 1.66e-05 | 1.03 | 0.216 | 0.911 | 5.89 | 0.0418 | 2260 | 303 | 1950 | 1130 | 2060 | 0.00303 | 159 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-12741 | 5.82 | 0.15 | 318 | 1.67e-05 | 1.03 | 0.209 | 0.885 | 6.07 | 0.0419 | 2190 | 302 | 1880 | 1130 | 2110 | 0.00306 | 159 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-83864 | 7.25 | 0.153 | 325 | 1.72e-05 | 1.06 | 0.243 | 0.963 | 7.2 | 0.0421 | 2430 | 314 | 2110 | 1150 | 2370 | 0.00369 | 159 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-99809 | 7.45 | 0.153 | 325 | 1.73e-05 | 1.06 | 0.233 | 0.935 | 7.29 | 0.0422 | 2350 | 313 | 2030 | 1140 | 2310 | 0.00369 | 160 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-47442 | 6.62 | 0.152 | 324 | 1.71e-05 | 1.06 | 0.236 | 0.958 | 6.7 | 0.0422 | 2400 | 311 | 2090 | 1150 | 2160 | 0.00346 | 160 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-46396 | 6.1 | 0.152 | 323 | 1.69e-05 | 1.05 | 0.223 | 0.925 | 6.34 | 0.0423 | 2300 | 309 | 1990 | 1150 | 2250 | 0.00324 | 160 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-15392 | 6.66 | 0.153 | 325 | 1.71e-05 | 1.06 | 0.228 | 0.932 | 6.73 | 0.0424 | 2330 | 311 | 2010 | 1150 | 2250 | 0.00342 | 161 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-86135 | 5.96 | 0.152 | 322 | 1.7e-05 | 1.04 | 0.211 | 0.895 | 6.19 | 0.0424 | 2210 | 306 | 1900 | 1140 | 2140 | 0.00312 | 161 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-64613 | 7.53 | 0.154 | 329 | 1.75e-05 | 1.07 | 0.244 | 0.973 | 7.36 | 0.0427 | 2450 | 317 | 2130 | 1160 | 2230 | 0.00378 | 161 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-66822 | 6.59 | 0.153 | 326 | 1.72e-05 | 1.06 | 0.227 | 0.935 | 6.68 | 0.0426 | 2330 | 312 | 2020 | 1150 | 2220 | 0.00341 | 162 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-99296 | 6.27 | 0.153 | 324 | 1.71e-05 | 1.05 | 0.213 | 0.901 | 6.38 | 0.0427 | 2230 | 308 | 1920 | 1150 | 2080 | 0.00323 | 162 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-44028 | 6.62 | 0.154 | 326 | 1.73e-05 | 1.06 | 0.218 | 0.907 | 6.69 | 0.0428 | 2250 | 311 | 1940 | 1150 | 2240 | 0.00336 | 162 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-94578 | 6.56 | 0.154 | 329 | 1.73e-05 | 1.07 | 0.237 | 0.969 | 6.66 | 0.0429 | 2420 | 315 | 2100 | 1170 | 2140 | 0.00345 | 163 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-27702 | 7.01 | 0.156 | 331 | 1.75e-05 | 1.08 | 0.243 | 0.977 | 7.05 | 0.043 | 2450 | 319 | 2130 | 1170 | 2360 | 0.00362 | 163 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-89950 | 5.4 | 0.154 | 327 | 1.7e-05 | 1.06 | 0.228 | 0.96 | 5.82 | 0.043 | 2380 | 312 | 2070 | 1170 | 2060 | 0.00306 | 163 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-82657 | 5.35 | 0.154 | 326 | 1.7e-05 | 1.06 | 0.218 | 0.931 | 5.79 | 0.043 | 2300 | 310 | 1990 | 1170 | 2100 | 0.00299 | 164 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-77980 | 6.38 | 0.155 | 328 | 1.74e-05 | 1.06 | 0.216 | 0.911 | 6.5 | 0.0432 | 2250 | 312 | 1940 | 1160 | 2130 | 0.00328 | 164 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-61117 | 6.03 | 0.155 | 328 | 1.73e-05 | 1.07 | 0.215 | 0.91 | 6.28 | 0.0432 | 2250 | 313 | 1930 | 1160 | 2230 | 0.00317 | 164 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-77654 | 6.2 | 0.156 | 332 | 1.74e-05 | 1.08 | 0.235 | 0.974 | 6.4 | 0.0434 | 2430 | 316 | 2110 | 1180 | 2090 | 0.00334 | 165 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-99665 | 5.29 | 0.156 | 330 | 1.71e-05 | 1.07 | 0.229 | 0.967 | 5.79 | 0.0434 | 2400 | 315 | 2080 | 1190 | 2160 | 0.00304 | 165 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-30742 | 5.69 | 0.156 | 332 | 1.73e-05 | 1.08 | 0.232 | 0.972 | 6.07 | 0.0435 | 2420 | 316 | 2100 | 1190 | 2140 | 0.00317 | 165 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-97448 | 7.08 | 0.157 | 333 | 1.77e-05 | 1.08 | 0.224 | 0.926 | 7.03 | 0.0437 | 2300 | 318 | 1980 | 1170 | 2260 | 0.00353 | 166 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-27345 | 6.4 | 0.157 | 335 | 1.75e-05 | 1.09 | 0.238 | 0.982 | 6.59 | 0.0437 | 2450 | 320 | 2130 | 1190 | 2190 | 0.00342 | 166 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-86179 | 7.05 | 0.158 | 337 | 1.78e-05 | 1.1 | 0.243 | 0.99 | 7.05 | 0.0439 | 2480 | 323 | 2150 | 1190 | 2210 | 0.00364 | 166 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-37960 | 5.88 | 0.158 | 335 | 1.74e-05 | 1.09 | 0.234 | 0.98 | 6.21 | 0.0439 | 2440 | 319 | 2120 | 1200 | 2160 | 0.00324 | 167 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-31748 | 5.57 | 0.158 | 334 | 1.74e-05 | 1.09 | 0.232 | 0.978 | 5.99 | 0.0439 | 2430 | 319 | 2110 | 1200 | 2150 | 0.00314 | 167 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-22736 | 6.89 | 0.158 | 336 | 1.78e-05 | 1.09 | 0.223 | 0.931 | 6.9 | 0.0441 | 2310 | 320 | 1980 | 1180 | 2220 | 0.00347 | 167 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-38675 | 7.32 | 0.159 | 339 | 1.8e-05 | 1.1 | 0.236 | 0.967 | 7.23 | 0.0442 | 2410 | 324 | 2090 | 1200 | 2240 | 0.00368 | 168 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-19105 | 6.39 | 0.158 | 335 | 1.77e-05 | 1.09 | 0.218 | 0.928 | 6.51 | 0.0442 | 2290 | 318 | 1970 | 1190 | 2100 | 0.00329 | 168 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-91407 | 6.89 | 0.159 | 338 | 1.79e-05 | 1.1 | 0.224 | 0.935 | 6.92 | 0.0443 | 2320 | 322 | 1990 | 1190 | 2250 | 0.00348 | 168 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-10719 | 5.7 | 0.158 | 335 | 1.76e-05 | 1.09 | 0.215 | 0.925 | 6.07 | 0.0443 | 2280 | 318 | 1960 | 1190 | 2190 | 0.00307 | 168 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-55051 | 6.51 | 0.16 | 340 | 1.78e-05 | 1.11 | 0.241 | 0.995 | 6.67 | 0.0445 | 2480 | 325 | 2150 | 1210 | 2170 | 0.00347 | 169 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-88975 | 6.33 | 0.159 | 338 | 1.78e-05 | 1.1 | 0.22 | 0.934 | 6.52 | 0.0445 | 2310 | 321 | 1980 | 1200 | 2220 | 0.00329 | 169 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-14459 | 5.86 | 0.16 | 340 | 1.77e-05 | 1.1 | 0.236 | 0.992 | 6.21 | 0.0446 | 2460 | 324 | 2140 | 1220 | 2140 | 0.00325 | 169 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-72649 | 7.16 | 0.161 | 343 | 1.81e-05 | 1.12 | 0.238 | 0.976 | 7.17 | 0.0448 | 2440 | 328 | 2100 | 1210 | 2340 | 0.00364 | 170 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-46962 | 7.59 | 0.161 | 343 | 1.83e-05 | 1.12 | 0.232 | 0.951 | 7.45 | 0.0449 | 2370 | 328 | 2040 | 1200 | 2370 | 0.00373 | 170 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-27051 | 6.58 | 0.162 | 344 | 1.8e-05 | 1.12 | 0.243 | 1 | 6.76 | 0.0449 | 2500 | 329 | 2170 | 1220 | 2270 | 0.0035 | 170 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-95248 | 7.45 | 0.163 | 347 | 1.83e-05 | 1.13 | 0.252 | 1.02 | 7.43 | 0.0451 | 2550 | 334 | 2210 | 1230 | 2430 | 0.00381 | 171 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa
Table 29: Total life cycle (A1 to A3) impact results for 28d Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa, assuming the geometric mean point values on a per m3 concrete mixIndicator/LCI Metric | AP | EP | GWP | ODP | PCOP | ADPe | ADPf | LFW | LFHW | TPE | RE | NRE | WDP | NRR | RR | CBWC | CWWC | CHW | CNHW |
Unit | moles of H+-Eq | kg N | kg CO2-Eq | kg CFC-11-Eq | kg NOx-Eq | kg Sbeq | kg Sbeq | kg waste | kg waste | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | m3 | kg | kg | m3 | m3 | kg | kg |
Minimum | 5.48 | 0.161 | 339 | 1.78e-05 | 1.1 | 0.215 | 0.934 | 5.91 | 0.0449 | 2290 | 321 | 1970 | 1210 | 2050 | 0.00301 | 171 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Maximum | 8 | 0.173 | 369 | 1.96e-05 | 1.2 | 0.259 | 1.07 | 7.81 | 0.0485 | 2660 | 351 | 2300 | 1320 | 2430 | 0.00392 | 184 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mean | 6.61 | 0.168 | 356 | 1.87e-05 | 1.15 | 0.237 | 1 | 6.79 | 0.0468 | 2480 | 338 | 2140 | 1270 | 2250 | 0.00348 | 178 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Median | 6.48 | 0.168 | 356 | 1.87e-05 | 1.16 | 0.238 | 1 | 6.68 | 0.0468 | 2460 | 338 | 2120 | 1270 | 2250 | 0.00342 | 178 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-96271 | 5.48 | 0.161 | 339 | 1.78e-05 | 1.1 | 0.215 | 0.934 | 5.91 | 0.0449 | 2290 | 321 | 1970 | 1210 | 2180 | 0.00301 | 171 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-12978 | 5.91 | 0.162 | 344 | 1.79e-05 | 1.12 | 0.239 | 1 | 6.3 | 0.0451 | 2490 | 328 | 2160 | 1230 | 2280 | 0.00328 | 171 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-66421 | 6.48 | 0.162 | 345 | 1.81e-05 | 1.12 | 0.233 | 0.978 | 6.67 | 0.0452 | 2430 | 328 | 2090 | 1220 | 2250 | 0.00342 | 172 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-84306 | 7 | 0.163 | 348 | 1.83e-05 | 1.13 | 0.246 | 1.01 | 7.04 | 0.0454 | 2530 | 332 | 2200 | 1240 | 2190 | 0.00364 | 172 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-94466 | 5.74 | 0.162 | 342 | 1.8e-05 | 1.11 | 0.217 | 0.942 | 6.11 | 0.0453 | 2310 | 324 | 1990 | 1220 | 2200 | 0.0031 | 172 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-47459 | 5.99 | 0.163 | 345 | 1.81e-05 | 1.12 | 0.231 | 0.978 | 6.34 | 0.0454 | 2420 | 328 | 2090 | 1230 | 2270 | 0.00325 | 173 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-72305 | 5.69 | 0.162 | 343 | 1.8e-05 | 1.11 | 0.218 | 0.945 | 6.08 | 0.0455 | 2320 | 325 | 1990 | 1220 | 2200 | 0.00309 | 173 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-72317 | 5.65 | 0.163 | 344 | 1.8e-05 | 1.11 | 0.217 | 0.945 | 6.04 | 0.0456 | 2320 | 325 | 1990 | 1230 | 2160 | 0.00307 | 173 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-44744 | 7.63 | 0.166 | 353 | 1.87e-05 | 1.15 | 0.255 | 1.03 | 7.55 | 0.0459 | 2580 | 338 | 2240 | 1250 | 2390 | 0.00388 | 174 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-58156 | 7.8 | 0.165 | 351 | 1.87e-05 | 1.14 | 0.235 | 0.969 | 7.61 | 0.0459 | 2410 | 334 | 2070 | 1230 | 2330 | 0.00381 | 174 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-89338 | 6.45 | 0.165 | 349 | 1.84e-05 | 1.13 | 0.235 | 0.989 | 6.67 | 0.0459 | 2450 | 332 | 2110 | 1240 | 2250 | 0.00341 | 174 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-63793 | 6.29 | 0.164 | 348 | 1.83e-05 | 1.13 | 0.223 | 0.958 | 6.53 | 0.0459 | 2360 | 330 | 2030 | 1240 | 2240 | 0.0033 | 175 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-96460 | 5.53 | 0.164 | 348 | 1.81e-05 | 1.13 | 0.227 | 0.982 | 5.97 | 0.046 | 2410 | 329 | 2080 | 1250 | 2110 | 0.00309 | 175 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-11510 | 6.29 | 0.165 | 349 | 1.84e-05 | 1.13 | 0.223 | 0.96 | 6.51 | 0.0461 | 2360 | 330 | 2030 | 1240 | 2170 | 0.0033 | 175 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-56231 | 5.62 | 0.165 | 349 | 1.82e-05 | 1.13 | 0.227 | 0.985 | 6.02 | 0.0462 | 2420 | 329 | 2090 | 1250 | 2050 | 0.00313 | 176 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-34717 | 7.68 | 0.167 | 357 | 1.89e-05 | 1.16 | 0.255 | 1.04 | 7.56 | 0.0465 | 2600 | 341 | 2250 | 1260 | 2290 | 0.0039 | 176 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-31121 | 6.82 | 0.166 | 352 | 1.86e-05 | 1.14 | 0.229 | 0.97 | 6.93 | 0.0464 | 2400 | 335 | 2060 | 1250 | 2300 | 0.00349 | 176 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-78381 | 6.83 | 0.167 | 356 | 1.87e-05 | 1.16 | 0.25 | 1.03 | 6.99 | 0.0466 | 2580 | 340 | 2230 | 1270 | 2330 | 0.00362 | 177 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-16231 | 6.02 | 0.166 | 353 | 1.85e-05 | 1.14 | 0.232 | 0.995 | 6.35 | 0.0465 | 2450 | 334 | 2120 | 1260 | 2180 | 0.00328 | 177 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-69805 | 6.06 | 0.167 | 355 | 1.85e-05 | 1.15 | 0.243 | 1.03 | 6.41 | 0.0467 | 2550 | 337 | 2210 | 1270 | 2180 | 0.00335 | 177 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-54799 | 6.29 | 0.167 | 356 | 1.86e-05 | 1.16 | 0.244 | 1.03 | 6.56 | 0.0468 | 2560 | 338 | 2220 | 1270 | 2150 | 0.00343 | 178 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-94502 | 7.33 | 0.169 | 360 | 1.9e-05 | 1.17 | 0.255 | 1.04 | 7.36 | 0.0469 | 2610 | 344 | 2260 | 1280 | 2360 | 0.0038 | 178 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-81857 | 7.7 | 0.169 | 358 | 1.91e-05 | 1.16 | 0.238 | 0.987 | 7.58 | 0.047 | 2450 | 342 | 2110 | 1260 | 2400 | 0.0038 | 178 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-49293 | 5.88 | 0.168 | 355 | 1.86e-05 | 1.15 | 0.232 | 1 | 6.24 | 0.0469 | 2460 | 336 | 2120 | 1270 | 2150 | 0.00323 | 179 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-30691 | 6.18 | 0.168 | 358 | 1.87e-05 | 1.16 | 0.244 | 1.04 | 6.5 | 0.0471 | 2570 | 340 | 2220 | 1280 | 2160 | 0.0034 | 179 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-89344 | 6.33 | 0.168 | 356 | 1.88e-05 | 1.15 | 0.226 | 0.977 | 6.56 | 0.0471 | 2400 | 336 | 2060 | 1270 | 2180 | 0.00333 | 179 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-22809 | 7.65 | 0.17 | 362 | 1.92e-05 | 1.18 | 0.249 | 1.02 | 7.59 | 0.0474 | 2550 | 346 | 2200 | 1280 | 2430 | 0.00386 | 180 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-32165 | 7.33 | 0.17 | 360 | 1.91e-05 | 1.17 | 0.236 | 0.991 | 7.32 | 0.0474 | 2450 | 342 | 2100 | 1270 | 2350 | 0.00368 | 180 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-24149 | 6.82 | 0.17 | 361 | 1.9e-05 | 1.17 | 0.242 | 1.02 | 6.97 | 0.0475 | 2520 | 343 | 2170 | 1280 | 2300 | 0.00357 | 180 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-84264 | 6.67 | 0.169 | 360 | 1.9e-05 | 1.16 | 0.229 | 0.985 | 6.8 | 0.0475 | 2420 | 339 | 2080 | 1280 | 2150 | 0.00345 | 181 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-16661 | 7.87 | 0.171 | 363 | 1.94e-05 | 1.18 | 0.239 | 0.999 | 7.67 | 0.0477 | 2470 | 345 | 2130 | 1280 | 2280 | 0.00386 | 181 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-22617 | 7.32 | 0.171 | 364 | 1.93e-05 | 1.18 | 0.246 | 1.03 | 7.35 | 0.0477 | 2550 | 347 | 2200 | 1290 | 2350 | 0.00375 | 181 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-22150 | 6.85 | 0.171 | 365 | 1.91e-05 | 1.18 | 0.251 | 1.05 | 6.99 | 0.0478 | 2620 | 346 | 2270 | 1300 | 2220 | 0.00364 | 182 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-65854 | 7.39 | 0.172 | 364 | 1.93e-05 | 1.18 | 0.238 | 1 | 7.39 | 0.0479 | 2470 | 346 | 2120 | 1290 | 2390 | 0.00371 | 182 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-82952 | 7.01 | 0.172 | 365 | 1.93e-05 | 1.18 | 0.244 | 1.03 | 7.12 | 0.048 | 2550 | 347 | 2200 | 1300 | 2330 | 0.00364 | 182 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-29202 | 7.61 | 0.173 | 369 | 1.95e-05 | 1.2 | 0.259 | 1.07 | 7.56 | 0.0481 | 2660 | 351 | 2300 | 1310 | 2320 | 0.00391 | 182 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-74071 | 8 | 0.173 | 367 | 1.96e-05 | 1.19 | 0.243 | 1.01 | 7.81 | 0.0482 | 2500 | 349 | 2150 | 1290 | 2390 | 0.00392 | 183 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-13168 | 6.48 | 0.171 | 364 | 1.92e-05 | 1.18 | 0.229 | 0.995 | 6.68 | 0.0481 | 2440 | 343 | 2090 | 1290 | 2150 | 0.0034 | 183 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-52661 | 6.47 | 0.172 | 366 | 1.92e-05 | 1.18 | 0.24 | 1.03 | 6.71 | 0.0483 | 2530 | 346 | 2180 | 1310 | 2190 | 0.00346 | 183 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-41587 | 5.91 | 0.172 | 364 | 1.91e-05 | 1.18 | 0.227 | 0.994 | 6.32 | 0.0483 | 2430 | 343 | 2090 | 1300 | 2280 | 0.00322 | 184 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-20910 | 6.01 | 0.173 | 366 | 1.91e-05 | 1.19 | 0.238 | 1.03 | 6.43 | 0.0484 | 2530 | 347 | 2180 | 1310 | 2310 | 0.00331 | 184 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-48206 | 5.59 | 0.173 | 367 | 1.9e-05 | 1.19 | 0.244 | 1.05 | 6.11 | 0.0485 | 2600 | 347 | 2250 | 1320 | 2170 | 0.00322 | 184 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix designs: >60MPa
Table 30: Total life cycle (A1 to A3) impact results for 28d Mix designs: >60MPa, assuming the geometric mean point values on a per m3 concrete mixIndicator/LCI Metric | AP | EP | GWP | ODP | PCOP | ADPe | ADPf | LFW | LFHW | TPE | RE | NRE | WDP | NRR | RR | CBWC | CWWC | CHW | CNHW |
Unit | moles of H+-Eq | kg N | kg CO2-Eq | kg CFC-11-Eq | kg NOx-Eq | kg Sbeq | kg Sbeq | kg waste | kg waste | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | MJ-Eq | m3 | kg | kg | m3 | m3 | kg | kg |
Minimum | 6.26 | 0.173 | 367 | 1.94e-05 | 1.19 | 0.231 | 1 | 6.61 | 0.0486 | 2460 | 346 | 2110 | 1310 | 2190 | 0.00338 | 185 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Maximum | 8 | 0.177 | 375 | 2e-05 | 1.22 | 0.256 | 1.07 | 7.85 | 0.0494 | 2660 | 357 | 2310 | 1340 | 2480 | 0.00394 | 188 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mean | 7.06 | 0.175 | 372 | 1.97e-05 | 1.21 | 0.243 | 1.03 | 7.17 | 0.0491 | 2550 | 353 | 2190 | 1320 | 2310 | 0.00365 | 186 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Median | 6.89 | 0.176 | 373 | 1.97e-05 | 1.21 | 0.244 | 1.02 | 7.06 | 0.0491 | 2530 | 354 | 2170 | 1330 | 2290 | 0.00367 | 186 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-26676 | 6.6 | 0.173 | 367 | 1.94e-05 | 1.19 | 0.231 | 1 | 6.78 | 0.0486 | 2460 | 346 | 2110 | 1310 | 2190 | 0.00345 | 185 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-68149 | 7.61 | 0.174 | 371 | 1.97e-05 | 1.2 | 0.24 | 1.01 | 7.52 | 0.0488 | 2500 | 351 | 2150 | 1310 | 2290 | 0.00379 | 185 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-65646 | 6.83 | 0.175 | 372 | 1.95e-05 | 1.21 | 0.256 | 1.07 | 7.06 | 0.0488 | 2660 | 354 | 2310 | 1330 | 2400 | 0.00367 | 185 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-27437 | 8 | 0.175 | 373 | 1.99e-05 | 1.21 | 0.244 | 1.02 | 7.83 | 0.049 | 2530 | 354 | 2170 | 1310 | 2360 | 0.00394 | 186 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-78836 | 7.61 | 0.176 | 373 | 1.98e-05 | 1.21 | 0.243 | 1.02 | 7.59 | 0.049 | 2520 | 354 | 2170 | 1310 | 2460 | 0.00382 | 186 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-88723 | 7.19 | 0.176 | 373 | 1.97e-05 | 1.21 | 0.248 | 1.05 | 7.28 | 0.0491 | 2590 | 354 | 2240 | 1330 | 2320 | 0.00372 | 186 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-58266 | 7.97 | 0.177 | 375 | 2e-05 | 1.22 | 0.246 | 1.03 | 7.85 | 0.0492 | 2540 | 357 | 2180 | 1320 | 2480 | 0.00394 | 187 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-68417 | 6.26 | 0.176 | 374 | 1.95e-05 | 1.21 | 0.251 | 1.07 | 6.61 | 0.0492 | 2650 | 353 | 2290 | 1340 | 2220 | 0.00347 | 187 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-71406 | 6.89 | 0.176 | 374 | 1.97e-05 | 1.21 | 0.246 | 1.05 | 7.05 | 0.0493 | 2590 | 354 | 2230 | 1330 | 2260 | 0.00362 | 187 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-30747 | 6.35 | 0.175 | 372 | 1.96e-05 | 1.2 | 0.231 | 1.01 | 6.62 | 0.0493 | 2480 | 350 | 2130 | 1330 | 2190 | 0.00338 | 188 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
Mix-25233 | 6.39 | 0.176 | 373 | 1.96e-05 | 1.2 | 0.233 | 1.02 | 6.68 | 0.0494 | 2490 | 351 | 2130 | 1330 | 2270 | 0.0034 | 188 | 0.00673 | 9.09e-05 | 0 |
The following pie charts provide aggregated A1-A3 breakdowns across all life cycle indicators considered for each product. First click on a desired impact category, and then a specific performance range for specific product comparisons across each category/indicator for a given performance range.
Impact breakdown plots by modules A1 to A3
environmental impact: acidification
Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa
Figure 13: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: acidification (AP), impact units = moles of H+-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa
Figure 14: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: acidification (AP), impact units = moles of H+-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa
Figure 15: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: acidification (AP), impact units = moles of H+-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa
Figure 16: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: acidification (AP), impact units = moles of H+-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa
Figure 17: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: acidification (AP), impact units = moles of H+-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa
Figure 18: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: acidification (AP), impact units = moles of H+-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa
Figure 19: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: acidification (AP), impact units = moles of H+-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa
Figure 20: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: acidification (AP), impact units = moles of H+-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa
Figure 21: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: acidification (AP), impact units = moles of H+-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: >60MPa
Figure 22: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: >60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: acidification (AP), impact units = moles of H+-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
environmental impact: eutrophication
Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa
Figure 23: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: eutrophication (EP), impact units = kg N per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa
Figure 24: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: eutrophication (EP), impact units = kg N per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa
Figure 25: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: eutrophication (EP), impact units = kg N per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa
Figure 26: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: eutrophication (EP), impact units = kg N per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa
Figure 27: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: eutrophication (EP), impact units = kg N per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa
Figure 28: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: eutrophication (EP), impact units = kg N per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa
Figure 29: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: eutrophication (EP), impact units = kg N per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa
Figure 30: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: eutrophication (EP), impact units = kg N per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa
Figure 31: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: eutrophication (EP), impact units = kg N per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: >60MPa
Figure 32: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: >60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: eutrophication (EP), impact units = kg N per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
environmental impact: global warming
Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa
Figure 33: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: global warming (GWP), impact units = kg CO2-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa
Figure 34: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: global warming (GWP), impact units = kg CO2-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa
Figure 35: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: global warming (GWP), impact units = kg CO2-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa
Figure 36: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: global warming (GWP), impact units = kg CO2-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa
Figure 37: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: global warming (GWP), impact units = kg CO2-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa
Figure 38: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: global warming (GWP), impact units = kg CO2-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa
Figure 39: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: global warming (GWP), impact units = kg CO2-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa
Figure 40: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: global warming (GWP), impact units = kg CO2-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa
Figure 41: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: global warming (GWP), impact units = kg CO2-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: >60MPa
Figure 42: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: >60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: global warming (GWP), impact units = kg CO2-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
environmental impact: ozone depletion
Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa
Figure 43: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: ozone depletion (ODP), impact units = kg CFC-11-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa
Figure 44: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: ozone depletion (ODP), impact units = kg CFC-11-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa
Figure 45: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: ozone depletion (ODP), impact units = kg CFC-11-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa
Figure 46: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: ozone depletion (ODP), impact units = kg CFC-11-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa
Figure 47: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: ozone depletion (ODP), impact units = kg CFC-11-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa
Figure 48: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: ozone depletion (ODP), impact units = kg CFC-11-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa
Figure 49: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: ozone depletion (ODP), impact units = kg CFC-11-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa
Figure 50: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: ozone depletion (ODP), impact units = kg CFC-11-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa
Figure 51: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: ozone depletion (ODP), impact units = kg CFC-11-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: >60MPa
Figure 52: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: >60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: ozone depletion (ODP), impact units = kg CFC-11-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
environmental impact: photochemical oxidation
Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa
Figure 53: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: photochemical oxidation (PCOP), impact units = kg NOx-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa
Figure 54: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: photochemical oxidation (PCOP), impact units = kg NOx-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa
Figure 55: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: photochemical oxidation (PCOP), impact units = kg NOx-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa
Figure 56: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: photochemical oxidation (PCOP), impact units = kg NOx-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa
Figure 57: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: photochemical oxidation (PCOP), impact units = kg NOx-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa
Figure 58: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: photochemical oxidation (PCOP), impact units = kg NOx-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa
Figure 59: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: photochemical oxidation (PCOP), impact units = kg NOx-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa
Figure 60: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: photochemical oxidation (PCOP), impact units = kg NOx-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa
Figure 61: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: photochemical oxidation (PCOP), impact units = kg NOx-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: >60MPa
Figure 62: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: >60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: environmental impact: photochemical oxidation (PCOP), impact units = kg NOx-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Abiotic Depletion-elements
Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa
Figure 63: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-elements (ADPe), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa
Figure 64: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-elements (ADPe), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa
Figure 65: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-elements (ADPe), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa
Figure 66: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-elements (ADPe), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa
Figure 67: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-elements (ADPe), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa
Figure 68: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-elements (ADPe), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa
Figure 69: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-elements (ADPe), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa
Figure 70: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-elements (ADPe), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa
Figure 71: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-elements (ADPe), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: >60MPa
Figure 72: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: >60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-elements (ADPe), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Abiotic Depletion-fossil fuels
Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa
Figure 73: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-fossil fuels (ADPf), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa
Figure 74: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-fossil fuels (ADPf), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa
Figure 75: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-fossil fuels (ADPf), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa
Figure 76: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-fossil fuels (ADPf), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa
Figure 77: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-fossil fuels (ADPf), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa
Figure 78: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-fossil fuels (ADPf), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa
Figure 79: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-fossil fuels (ADPf), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa
Figure 80: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-fossil fuels (ADPf), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa
Figure 81: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-fossil fuels (ADPf), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: >60MPa
Figure 82: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: >60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Abiotic Depletion-fossil fuels (ADPf), impact units = kg Sbeq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
land filling: bulk waste
Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa
Figure 83: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: bulk waste (LFW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa
Figure 84: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: bulk waste (LFW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa
Figure 85: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: bulk waste (LFW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa
Figure 86: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: bulk waste (LFW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa
Figure 87: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: bulk waste (LFW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa
Figure 88: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: bulk waste (LFW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa
Figure 89: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: bulk waste (LFW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa
Figure 90: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: bulk waste (LFW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa
Figure 91: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: bulk waste (LFW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: >60MPa
Figure 92: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: >60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: bulk waste (LFW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
land filling: hazardous waste
Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa
Figure 93: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: hazardous waste (LFHW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa
Figure 94: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: hazardous waste (LFHW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa
Figure 95: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: hazardous waste (LFHW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa
Figure 96: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: hazardous waste (LFHW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa
Figure 97: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: hazardous waste (LFHW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa
Figure 98: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: hazardous waste (LFHW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa
Figure 99: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: hazardous waste (LFHW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa
Figure 100: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: hazardous waste (LFHW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa
Figure 101: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: hazardous waste (LFHW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: >60MPa
Figure 102: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: >60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: land filling: hazardous waste (LFHW), impact units = kg waste per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Total primary energy
Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa
Figure 103: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Total primary energy (TPE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa
Figure 104: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Total primary energy (TPE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa
Figure 105: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Total primary energy (TPE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa
Figure 106: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Total primary energy (TPE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa
Figure 107: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Total primary energy (TPE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa
Figure 108: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Total primary energy (TPE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa
Figure 109: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Total primary energy (TPE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa
Figure 110: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Total primary energy (TPE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa
Figure 111: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Total primary energy (TPE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: >60MPa
Figure 112: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: >60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Total primary energy (TPE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Renewable energy
Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa
Figure 113: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable energy (RE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa
Figure 114: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable energy (RE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa
Figure 115: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable energy (RE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa
Figure 116: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable energy (RE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa
Figure 117: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable energy (RE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa
Figure 118: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable energy (RE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa
Figure 119: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable energy (RE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa
Figure 120: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable energy (RE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa
Figure 121: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable energy (RE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: >60MPa
Figure 122: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: >60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable energy (RE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Non-renewable energy
Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa
Figure 123: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-renewable energy (NRE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa
Figure 124: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-renewable energy (NRE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa
Figure 125: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-renewable energy (NRE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa
Figure 126: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-renewable energy (NRE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa
Figure 127: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-renewable energy (NRE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa
Figure 128: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-renewable energy (NRE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa
Figure 129: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-renewable energy (NRE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa
Figure 130: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-renewable energy (NRE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa
Figure 131: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-renewable energy (NRE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: >60MPa
Figure 132: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: >60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-renewable energy (NRE), impact units = MJ-Eq per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
water depletion: WDP
Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa
Figure 133: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: water depletion: WDP (WDP), impact units = m3 per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa
Figure 134: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: water depletion: WDP (WDP), impact units = m3 per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa
Figure 135: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: water depletion: WDP (WDP), impact units = m3 per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa
Figure 136: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: water depletion: WDP (WDP), impact units = m3 per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa
Figure 137: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: water depletion: WDP (WDP), impact units = m3 per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa
Figure 138: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: water depletion: WDP (WDP), impact units = m3 per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa
Figure 139: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: water depletion: WDP (WDP), impact units = m3 per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa
Figure 140: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: water depletion: WDP (WDP), impact units = m3 per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa
Figure 141: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: water depletion: WDP (WDP), impact units = m3 per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: >60MPa
Figure 142: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: >60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: water depletion: WDP (WDP), impact units = m3 per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Non-Renewable Resources
Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa
Figure 143: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-Renewable Resources (NRR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa
Figure 144: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-Renewable Resources (NRR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa
Figure 145: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-Renewable Resources (NRR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa
Figure 146: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-Renewable Resources (NRR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa
Figure 147: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-Renewable Resources (NRR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa
Figure 148: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-Renewable Resources (NRR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa
Figure 149: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-Renewable Resources (NRR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa
Figure 150: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-Renewable Resources (NRR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa
Figure 151: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-Renewable Resources (NRR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: >60MPa
Figure 152: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: >60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Non-Renewable Resources (NRR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Renewable Resources
Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa
Figure 153: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 15 to 20MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable Resources (RR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa
Figure 154: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 21 to 25MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable Resources (RR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa
Figure 155: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 26 to 30MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable Resources (RR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa
Figure 156: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 31 to 35MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable Resources (RR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa
Figure 157: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 36 to 40MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable Resources (RR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa
Figure 158: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 41 to 45MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable Resources (RR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa
Figure 159: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 46 to 50MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable Resources (RR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa
Figure 160: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 51 to 55MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable Resources (RR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa
Figure 161: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: 56 to 60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable Resources (RR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Mix designs: >60MPa
Figure 162: Pie chart breakdown total impacts aggregated by modules A1 to A3 across Mix designs: >60MPa. Assumes geometric mean. Impact category: Renewable Resources (RR), impact units = kg per m3 concrete. Lables on pie face are in absolute (above) and relative (below) values while outer values are relative.
Additional Environmental Information
No regulated substances of very high concern are utilized on site
References
ASTM Standards:
- ASTM A36/A36M Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
- ASTM A108 Standard Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished
- ASTM A123/A123M Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products
- ASTM A153/A153M Standard Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware
- ASTM A184 Standard Specification for Welded Deformed Steel Bar Mats for Concrete Reinforcement
- ASTM A307 Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts, Studs, and Threaded Rod 60,000 PSI Tensile Strength
- ASTM A416/A416M Standard Specification for Steel Strand, Uncoated Seven-Wire for Prestressed Concrete
- ASTM A555/A555M Standard Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
- ASTM A615/A615M Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
- ASTM A666 Standard Specification for Annealed or Cold-Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Flat Bar
- ASTM A706/A706M Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
- ASTM A767/A767M Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
- ASTM A775/A775M Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Steel Reinforcing Bars
- ASTM A820/A820M Standard Specification for Steel Fibers for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
- ASTM A884/A884M Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement
- ASTM A934/A934M Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Prefabricated Steel Reinforcing Bars
- ASTM A1064/A1064M Standard Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete
- ASTM C33/C33M Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates
- ASTM C94 Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
- ASTM C150/C150M Standard Specification for Portland Cement
- ASTM C260/C260M Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
- ASTM C330/C330M Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete
- ASTM C494/C494M Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
- ASTM C595 Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
- ASTM C618 Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
- ASTM C979/C979M Standard Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete
- ASTM C989/C989M Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
- ASTM C1017/C1017M Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
- ASTM C1116/C1116M Standard Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
- ASTM C1157/C1157M Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
- ASTM C1240 Standard Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures
- ASTM C1602/C1602M Standard Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
- ASTM G109 Standard Test Method for Determining Effects of Chemical Admixtures on Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforcement in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments
CSA Standards:
- CAN/CGSB-1.40 Anticorrosive Structural Steel Alkyd Primer
- CAN/CSA A23.1/A23.2 Concrete Materials and Methods of Concrete Construction/Test methods and Standard Practices for Concrete
- CAN/CSA A23.4 Precast concrete - Materials and construction
- CAN/CSA A3000 Cementitious Materials Compendium
- CAN/CSA G30.18 Carbon steel bars for concrete reinforcement
- CAN/CSA G40.20/G40.21 General requirements for rolled or welded structural quality steel / Structural quality steel
- CSA S806 Design and construction of building structures with fibre-reinforced polymers
ISO Standards:
- ISO 6707-1: 2014 Buildings and Civil Engineering Works — Vocabulary — Part 1: General Terms
- ISO 14021:1999 Environmental Labels and Declarations — Self-declared Environmental Claims (Type II Environmental Labeling)
- ISO 14025:2006 Environmental Labels and Declarations — Type III Environmental Declarations — Principles and Procedures
- ISO 14040:2006 Environmental Management — Life Cycle Assessment — Principles and Framework
- ISO 14044:2006 Environmental Management — Life Cycle Assessment — Requirements and Guidelines
- ISO 14067:2018 Greenhouse Gases – Carbon Footprint of Products – Requirements and Guidelines for Quantification
- ISO 14050:2009 Environmental Management — Vocabulary
- ISO 21930:2017 Sustainability in Building Construction — Environmental Declaration of Building Products
EN Standards:
- EN 16757 Sustainability of construction works – Environmental product declarations – Product Category Rules for concrete and concrete elements
- EN 15804 Sustainability of construction works — Environmental product declarations —Core rules for the product category of construction products
Other References:
- American Concrete Institute (ACI) 211: Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete.
- ACI 318-14 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary. American Concrete Institute. Farmington Hills, MI, USA available at https://www.concrete.org/store/
- Carbon Leadership Forum (February, 2019). Product Category Rules (PCR) for ISO 14025 Type III Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) of Concrete v1.2.
- Mather, B & Ozyildirim, C. (2002). SP-1(02) : Concrete Primer. American Concrete Institute : SP0102. American Concrete Institute. Farmington Hills, MI, USA available at https://www.concrete.org/store/
- USGBC LEED v4 for Building Design and Construction, 11 Jan 2019 available at https://www.usgbc.org/resources/pcr-committee-process-resources-part-b
- USGBC PCR Committee Process & Resources: Part B, USGBC, 7 July 2017 available at https://www.usgbc.org/resources/pcr-committee-process-resources-part-b.
- Product Category Rules for Preparing an Environmental Product Declaration for Precast Concrete (UN CPC 37550), ASTM International, March 2015. https://www.astm.org/CERTIFICATION/DOCS/266.PCR_for_Precast_Concrete.pdf
- Product Category Rules for Portland, Blended Hydraulic, Masonry, Mortar, and Plastic (Stucco) Cements, ASTM International, September 2014. http://www.astm.org/CERTIFICATION/filtrexx40.cgi?-P+PROG+7+cert_detail.frm
- US EPA Waste Reduction Model (WARM) – Fly Ash Chapter: http://epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/downloads/fly-ash-chapter10-28-10.pdf 6