Product scope
Description of product and scope
Products covered by this EPD satisfy general purpose concrete as used in residential, commercial and public works applications in Canada. This EPD reports the impacts for different ready-mixed concrete products in accordance with the following standards depending on the final product and region:
Table 1: Concrete materials and their associated standards/specificationsPortland Cement | ASTM C150, AASHTO M 85 or CSA A3001 |
Blended Hydraulic Cement | ASTM C595, AASHTO M 240 or CSA A3001 |
Portland-limestone Cement | ASTM C595, AASHTO M 240 or CSA A3001 |
Performance-based Hydraulic Cement | ASTM C1157 |
Fine Aggregate - natural sand | ASTM C33/C33M, CSA A23.1 |
Fine Aggregate - manufactured | ASTM C33/C33M, CSA A23.1 |
Coarse Aggregate - natural gravel | ASTM C33/C33M, CSA A23.1 |
Coarse Aggregate - crushed | ASTM C33/C33M, CSA A23.1 |
Lightweight Aggregates | ASTM C330/C330M |
Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) - Fly Ash | ASTM C618, AASHTO M 295, AASHTO M 302, CSA A3000 |
SCMs - Silica Fume | ASTM C1240, CSA A3000 |
SCMs - Blast Furnace Slag Cement | ASTM C989/C989M, AASHTO M 302, CSA A3000 |
SCMs - Natural Pozzolan | ASTM C618, CSA A3000 |
Chemical Admixture - Accelerators | ASTM C494/C494M Type C/E |
Chemical Admixture - Air Entraining Agent | ASTM C260/C260M |
Chemical Admixture - Hardening Accelerators | ASTM C494/C494M Type C |
Chemical Admixture - Plasticizer & suerplasticizers | ASTM C494/C494M Type F/G, ASTM C1017/C1017M |
Chemical Admixture - Retarders | ASTM C494/C494M Type B/D |
Chemical Admixture - Water reducing/resisting | ASTM C494/C494M Type A/B/D/E |
Chemcial Admixture - Coloring | ASTM C979/C979M |
Chemical Admixture - Corrosion Inhibitors | ASTM C494 Type C/E, ASTM C1582/C1582M |
Fibers | ASTM C1116 |
Pigments | ASTM C979/C979M |
Batch Water | ASTM C1602 |
This LCA assumes the impacts from products manufactured in accordance with the standards outlined in this report. This LCA is a “cradle-to-gate” study, and therefore, stages extending beyond the plant gate are not included in this LCA. Excluded stages include transportation of the manufactured material to the construction site; on-site construction processes and components; building (infrastructure) use and maintenance; and “end-of-life” effects.